Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix

Abstract This study presents the development and validation of a fluorescence-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of alectinib in rat plasma, with a focus on the application of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) to bioanalytical method development. Unli...

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Main Authors: Eun Ji Lee, Nahyun Koo, Min Ju Kim, Kyeong-Ryoon Lee, Yoon-Jee Chae
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01613-z
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author Eun Ji Lee
Nahyun Koo
Min Ju Kim
Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
Yoon-Jee Chae
author_facet Eun Ji Lee
Nahyun Koo
Min Ju Kim
Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
Yoon-Jee Chae
author_sort Eun Ji Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study presents the development and validation of a fluorescence-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of alectinib in rat plasma, with a focus on the application of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) to bioanalytical method development. Unlike conventional QbD applications, which primarily address synthetic formulations or instrumental settings, this study systematically applied AQbD principles to the complex environment of biological matrices. Critical method parameters, including the organic phase ratio, buffer concentration, and flow rate, were identified through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, and optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The final method exhibited excellent linearity (R² >0.99) over a concentration range of 5–1,000 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. It also showed high accuracy (95.6–102%), precision (relative standard deviation < 11%), and consistent recovery (98.3–105%), with minimal matrix effects. Alectinib stability was confirmed under various handling conditions. This method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous and oral administration of alectinib in rats. These results highlight the value of AQbD in addressing specific challenges of bioanalysis and demonstrate its utility in establishing a sensitive, robust, and regulatory-compliant method suitable for pharmacokinetic applications.
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spelling doaj-art-ddb15e9bd7134faf9d5f0367c35ed5142025-08-24T11:06:01ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-08-0119111410.1186/s13065-025-01613-zIntegrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrixEun Ji Lee0Nahyun Koo1Min Ju Kim2Kyeong-Ryoon Lee3Yoon-Jee Chae4College of Pharmacy, Woosuk UniversityCollege of Pharmacy, Woosuk UniversityLaboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyLaboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyCollege of Pharmacy, Woosuk UniversityAbstract This study presents the development and validation of a fluorescence-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of alectinib in rat plasma, with a focus on the application of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) to bioanalytical method development. Unlike conventional QbD applications, which primarily address synthetic formulations or instrumental settings, this study systematically applied AQbD principles to the complex environment of biological matrices. Critical method parameters, including the organic phase ratio, buffer concentration, and flow rate, were identified through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, and optimized using a Box–Behnken design. The final method exhibited excellent linearity (R² >0.99) over a concentration range of 5–1,000 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 5 ng/mL. It also showed high accuracy (95.6–102%), precision (relative standard deviation < 11%), and consistent recovery (98.3–105%), with minimal matrix effects. Alectinib stability was confirmed under various handling conditions. This method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous and oral administration of alectinib in rats. These results highlight the value of AQbD in addressing specific challenges of bioanalysis and demonstrate its utility in establishing a sensitive, robust, and regulatory-compliant method suitable for pharmacokinetic applications.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01613-zAlectinibAnalytical quality by designTaguchi methodBox–Behnken designMethod development and validation
spellingShingle Eun Ji Lee
Nahyun Koo
Min Ju Kim
Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
Yoon-Jee Chae
Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
BMC Chemistry
Alectinib
Analytical quality by design
Taguchi method
Box–Behnken design
Method development and validation
title Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
title_full Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
title_fullStr Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
title_full_unstemmed Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
title_short Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
title_sort integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development an hplc fld method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix
topic Alectinib
Analytical quality by design
Taguchi method
Box–Behnken design
Method development and validation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01613-z
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