Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan
The objective of this study was to spatially analyze total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and health risk associated with TTHMs in drinking water of different densely populated towns of Karachi city. Lifetime cancer risk and hazard index of THMs through oral ingestion and dermal absorption were calculated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/805682 |
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| author | Zahida Karim Bilal Aslam Qureshi Ishtiaq Ghouri |
| author_facet | Zahida Karim Bilal Aslam Qureshi Ishtiaq Ghouri |
| author_sort | Zahida Karim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to spatially analyze total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and health risk associated with TTHMs in drinking water of different densely populated towns of Karachi city. Lifetime cancer risk and hazard index of THMs through oral ingestion and dermal absorption were calculated and mapped using kriging as an interpolation method to evaluate the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk to human health in the study area. Lifetime cancer risk value due to the oral ingestion of TTHMs in different towns of the city was exceeded from 1.0×10−6, showing that residents of these towns were expected to be at higher cancer risk. The hazard index for different towns was found to be lower than unity, indicating that no adverse health effects are expected as a result of exposure to THMs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ddabee05970346daa5e7d750b4cdfaaf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-ddabee05970346daa5e7d750b4cdfaaf2025-02-03T01:11:06ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712013-01-01201310.1155/2013/805682805682Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, PakistanZahida Karim0Bilal Aslam Qureshi1Ishtiaq Ghouri2Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanThe objective of this study was to spatially analyze total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and health risk associated with TTHMs in drinking water of different densely populated towns of Karachi city. Lifetime cancer risk and hazard index of THMs through oral ingestion and dermal absorption were calculated and mapped using kriging as an interpolation method to evaluate the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk to human health in the study area. Lifetime cancer risk value due to the oral ingestion of TTHMs in different towns of the city was exceeded from 1.0×10−6, showing that residents of these towns were expected to be at higher cancer risk. The hazard index for different towns was found to be lower than unity, indicating that no adverse health effects are expected as a result of exposure to THMs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/805682 |
| spellingShingle | Zahida Karim Bilal Aslam Qureshi Ishtiaq Ghouri Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan |
| title_full | Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan |
| title_short | Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Associated with Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water: A Case Study of Karachi, Pakistan |
| title_sort | spatial analysis of human health risk associated with trihalomethanes in drinking water a case study of karachi pakistan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/805682 |
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