Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis

KSHV is the etiologic agent for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a neoplasm that manifests most aggressively as multifocal lesions on parts of human skin with a propensity for inflammatory reactivity. However, mechanisms that control evolution of KS from a benign hyperplasia to the histologically complex cuta...

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Main Authors: Judith M. Fontana, Justin G. Mygatt, Katelyn L. Conant, Chris H. Parsons, Johnan A. R. Kaleeba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:Journal of Skin Cancer
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246076
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author Judith M. Fontana
Justin G. Mygatt
Katelyn L. Conant
Chris H. Parsons
Johnan A. R. Kaleeba
author_facet Judith M. Fontana
Justin G. Mygatt
Katelyn L. Conant
Chris H. Parsons
Johnan A. R. Kaleeba
author_sort Judith M. Fontana
collection DOAJ
description KSHV is the etiologic agent for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a neoplasm that manifests most aggressively as multifocal lesions on parts of human skin with a propensity for inflammatory reactivity. However, mechanisms that control evolution of KS from a benign hyperplasia to the histologically complex cutaneous lesion remain unknown. In this study, we found that KSHV induces proteomic and morphological changes in melanocytes and melanoma-derived cell lines, accompanied by deregulation of the endogenous anti-inflammatory responses anchored by the MC1-R/α-MSH signaling axis. We also identified two skin-derived cell lines that displayed differences in ability to support long-term KSHV infection and mapped this dichotomy to differences in (a) NF-κB activation status, (b) processing and expression of KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen isoforms putatively associated with the viral lytic cycle, and (c) susceptibility to virus-induced changes in expression of key anti-inflammatory response genes that antagonize NF-κB, including MC1-R, POMC, TRP-1, and xCT. Viral subversion of molecules that control the balance between latency and lytic replication represents a novel correlate of KSHV pathogenesis and tropism in skin and underscores the potential benefit of harnessing the endogenous anti-inflammatory processes as a therapeutic option for attenuating cutaneous KS and other proinflammatory outcomes of KSHV infection in high-risk individuals.
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spelling doaj-art-ddaa873766074faab09e5e78ca877f562025-08-20T03:26:30ZengWileyJournal of Skin Cancer2090-29052090-29132014-01-01201410.1155/2014/246076246076Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease PathogenesisJudith M. Fontana0Justin G. Mygatt1Katelyn L. Conant2Chris H. Parsons3Johnan A. R. Kaleeba4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USADepartment of Medicine and Microbiology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAKSHV is the etiologic agent for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), a neoplasm that manifests most aggressively as multifocal lesions on parts of human skin with a propensity for inflammatory reactivity. However, mechanisms that control evolution of KS from a benign hyperplasia to the histologically complex cutaneous lesion remain unknown. In this study, we found that KSHV induces proteomic and morphological changes in melanocytes and melanoma-derived cell lines, accompanied by deregulation of the endogenous anti-inflammatory responses anchored by the MC1-R/α-MSH signaling axis. We also identified two skin-derived cell lines that displayed differences in ability to support long-term KSHV infection and mapped this dichotomy to differences in (a) NF-κB activation status, (b) processing and expression of KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen isoforms putatively associated with the viral lytic cycle, and (c) susceptibility to virus-induced changes in expression of key anti-inflammatory response genes that antagonize NF-κB, including MC1-R, POMC, TRP-1, and xCT. Viral subversion of molecules that control the balance between latency and lytic replication represents a novel correlate of KSHV pathogenesis and tropism in skin and underscores the potential benefit of harnessing the endogenous anti-inflammatory processes as a therapeutic option for attenuating cutaneous KS and other proinflammatory outcomes of KSHV infection in high-risk individuals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246076
spellingShingle Judith M. Fontana
Justin G. Mygatt
Katelyn L. Conant
Chris H. Parsons
Johnan A. R. Kaleeba
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
Journal of Skin Cancer
title Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
title_full Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
title_short Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Subversion of the Anti-Inflammatory Response in Human Skin Cells Reveals Correlates of Latency and Disease Pathogenesis
title_sort kaposi s sarcoma associated herpesvirus subversion of the anti inflammatory response in human skin cells reveals correlates of latency and disease pathogenesis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/246076
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