Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital

Background and purpose: Secondary bacterial respiratory infections are common and serious complications in patients with COVID-19. These infections can hinder treatment, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and extensive antibiotic use. This study aimed to investigate the...

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Main Authors: Golnar Rahimzadeh, Laleh Vahedi Larijani, Yasaman Amini, Samira Esmaeili Reykande, Somayeh Sheidaei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
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Online Access:http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-21803-en.pdf
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author Golnar Rahimzadeh
Laleh Vahedi Larijani
Yasaman Amini
Samira Esmaeili Reykande
Somayeh Sheidaei
author_facet Golnar Rahimzadeh
Laleh Vahedi Larijani
Yasaman Amini
Samira Esmaeili Reykande
Somayeh Sheidaei
author_sort Golnar Rahimzadeh
collection DOAJ
description Background and purpose: Secondary bacterial respiratory infections are common and serious complications in patients with COVID-19. These infections can hinder treatment, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and extensive antibiotic use. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections in respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed secondary bacterial respiratory infections. Eligible patients had a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, fever, leukocytosis, and radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement. Demographic information, hospitalization ward (general or intensive care unit), underlying medical conditions, and bacterial isolates from respiratory samples were collected. Results: Of the total patients, 57.5% were male, with a mean age of 63.16 ± 15.08 years. Statistical analysis revealed no significant associations between secondary bacterial infections and underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney or pulmonary disease, dialysis, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, thyroid disorders, or type of hospital ward. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Citrobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a high frequency of secondary bacterial infections among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although certain pathogens were more frequently isolated, there was no statistically significant correlation between these infections and comorbidities or hospitalization unit. The findings underscore the importance of rapid and accurate identification of such infections, continuous monitoring of hospitalized patients, particularly in healthcare settings with high-risk individuals, and the implementation of appropriate strategies for the timely management and treatment of secondary infections. Such an approach can not only improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 but also help prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance resulting from inappropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-dda46100671349c2bdf93cbcfd05c1e02025-08-20T03:51:19ZengMazandaran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences1735-92601735-92792025-07-0135246191196Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini HospitalGolnar Rahimzadeh0Laleh Vahedi Larijani1Yasaman Amini2Samira Esmaeili Reykande3Somayeh Sheidaei4 Assistant Professor, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Pathology Resident, Students Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran MSc in Laboratory Sciences, Bou Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Background and purpose: Secondary bacterial respiratory infections are common and serious complications in patients with COVID-19. These infections can hinder treatment, leading to prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and extensive antibiotic use. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections in respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed secondary bacterial respiratory infections. Eligible patients had a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, fever, leukocytosis, and radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement. Demographic information, hospitalization ward (general or intensive care unit), underlying medical conditions, and bacterial isolates from respiratory samples were collected. Results: Of the total patients, 57.5% were male, with a mean age of 63.16 ± 15.08 years. Statistical analysis revealed no significant associations between secondary bacterial infections and underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney or pulmonary disease, dialysis, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, thyroid disorders, or type of hospital ward. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Citrobacter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a high frequency of secondary bacterial infections among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although certain pathogens were more frequently isolated, there was no statistically significant correlation between these infections and comorbidities or hospitalization unit. The findings underscore the importance of rapid and accurate identification of such infections, continuous monitoring of hospitalized patients, particularly in healthcare settings with high-risk individuals, and the implementation of appropriate strategies for the timely management and treatment of secondary infections. Such an approach can not only improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 but also help prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance resulting from inappropriate antimicrobial therapy.http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-21803-en.pdfsecondary bacterial respiratory infectionnosocomial infectioncovid-19 pandemicrespiratory secretions
spellingShingle Golnar Rahimzadeh
Laleh Vahedi Larijani
Yasaman Amini
Samira Esmaeili Reykande
Somayeh Sheidaei
Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
secondary bacterial respiratory infection
nosocomial infection
covid-19 pandemic
respiratory secretions
title Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
title_full Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
title_fullStr Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
title_short Investigation of the Prevalence of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients at sari Imam Khomeini Hospital
title_sort investigation of the prevalence of secondary bacterial respiratory infections in hospitalized covid 19 patients at sari imam khomeini hospital
topic secondary bacterial respiratory infection
nosocomial infection
covid-19 pandemic
respiratory secretions
url http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-21803-en.pdf
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