Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis

Background: Understanding the seasonal and spatial patterns of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths is crucial for effective hospital management, resource allocation, and public health interventions. The current study conducts a spatiotemporal hotspot analysis that explores the seasonal and geographi...

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Main Authors: Leila Mounesan, Ebrahim Farhadi, Sana Eybpoosh, Ali Hosseini, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad, Farideh Bahari, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Aliakbar Haghdoost, Ehsan Mostafavi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:International Journal of Preventive Medicine
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24
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author Leila Mounesan
Ebrahim Farhadi
Sana Eybpoosh
Ali Hosseini
Mahboubeh Parsaeian
Safoora Gharibzadeh
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad
Farideh Bahari
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
Aliakbar Haghdoost
Ehsan Mostafavi
author_facet Leila Mounesan
Ebrahim Farhadi
Sana Eybpoosh
Ali Hosseini
Mahboubeh Parsaeian
Safoora Gharibzadeh
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad
Farideh Bahari
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
Aliakbar Haghdoost
Ehsan Mostafavi
author_sort Leila Mounesan
collection DOAJ
description Background: Understanding the seasonal and spatial patterns of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths is crucial for effective hospital management, resource allocation, and public health interventions. The current study conducts a spatiotemporal hotspot analysis that explores the seasonal and geographical patterns of high-risk areas of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Iran. Methods: Provincial-level data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with acute respiratory symptoms in Iran (February 2019–March 30, 2022) were collected. Hotspot analyses mapped seasonal incidence risks, and Global Moran’s spatial autocorrelation analysis identified COVID-19 clusters. Results: Over the 2 years, 26 hotspots and 11 cold spots were identified (P < 0.05). Western and central provinces showed the highest hospitalization hotspots, while the west and north had the most death hotspots. South and southeast provinces exhibited low incidence and the highest number of cold spots. High-risk areas were prevalent in spring and autumn, mainly in the west, north, and central regions. Conclusions: This research unveils the clustering patterns of COVID-19 hospitalizations and fatalities in Iran during the most severe pandemic. Spatial clusters and dynamic hotspots varied across regions and time. Prioritizing high-risk areas during critical epidemic waves, devising seasonal care strategies, and implementing preventive measures can significantly improve health outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-dd95d246841c4706b7d9fd39a3eb196c2025-08-20T02:27:13ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsInternational Journal of Preventive Medicine2008-78022008-82132025-04-0116202010.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot AnalysisLeila MounesanEbrahim FarhadiSana EybpooshAli HosseiniMahboubeh ParsaeianSafoora GharibzadehMozhgan AhmadinezhadFarideh BahariMohammad Mehdi GouyaAliakbar HaghdoostEhsan MostafaviBackground: Understanding the seasonal and spatial patterns of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths is crucial for effective hospital management, resource allocation, and public health interventions. The current study conducts a spatiotemporal hotspot analysis that explores the seasonal and geographical patterns of high-risk areas of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Iran. Methods: Provincial-level data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with acute respiratory symptoms in Iran (February 2019–March 30, 2022) were collected. Hotspot analyses mapped seasonal incidence risks, and Global Moran’s spatial autocorrelation analysis identified COVID-19 clusters. Results: Over the 2 years, 26 hotspots and 11 cold spots were identified (P < 0.05). Western and central provinces showed the highest hospitalization hotspots, while the west and north had the most death hotspots. South and southeast provinces exhibited low incidence and the highest number of cold spots. High-risk areas were prevalent in spring and autumn, mainly in the west, north, and central regions. Conclusions: This research unveils the clustering patterns of COVID-19 hospitalizations and fatalities in Iran during the most severe pandemic. Spatial clusters and dynamic hotspots varied across regions and time. Prioritizing high-risk areas during critical epidemic waves, devising seasonal care strategies, and implementing preventive measures can significantly improve health outcomes.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24covid-19hospitalizationincidenceiranspatiotemporal analysis
spellingShingle Leila Mounesan
Ebrahim Farhadi
Sana Eybpoosh
Ali Hosseini
Mahboubeh Parsaeian
Safoora Gharibzadeh
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad
Farideh Bahari
Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
Aliakbar Haghdoost
Ehsan Mostafavi
Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
covid-19
hospitalization
incidence
iran
spatiotemporal analysis
title Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
title_full Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
title_fullStr Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
title_short Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis
title_sort detecting the seasonal and spatial patterns of covid 19 hospitalization and deaths in iran insights from a spatiotemporal and hotspot analysis
topic covid-19
hospitalization
incidence
iran
spatiotemporal analysis
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24
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