Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.

<h4>Background</h4>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face complex health and social care needs, contributing to poor health outcomes and premature mortality. The Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) intervention was developed to addr...

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Main Authors: Hannah Scobie, Shona MacKinnon, Karen Wood, Alessio Albanese, Yvonne Cunningham, Andrea Williamson, Jane Moir, Andrew McPherson, Cian Lombard, Steven Ross, Adnan Araf, Helena Heath, Richard Lowrie, Vibhu Paudyal, Frances Mair
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324654
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author Hannah Scobie
Shona MacKinnon
Karen Wood
Alessio Albanese
Yvonne Cunningham
Andrea Williamson
Jane Moir
Andrew McPherson
Cian Lombard
Steven Ross
Adnan Araf
Helena Heath
Richard Lowrie
Vibhu Paudyal
Frances Mair
author_facet Hannah Scobie
Shona MacKinnon
Karen Wood
Alessio Albanese
Yvonne Cunningham
Andrea Williamson
Jane Moir
Andrew McPherson
Cian Lombard
Steven Ross
Adnan Araf
Helena Heath
Richard Lowrie
Vibhu Paudyal
Frances Mair
author_sort Hannah Scobie
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face complex health and social care needs, contributing to poor health outcomes and premature mortality. The Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) intervention was developed to address these challenges through assertive outreach by NHS pharmacist independent prescribers working with third sector homelessness charity workers for PEH presenting to community pharmacy. This qualitative study aims to explore participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perceptions of the PHOENIx intervention and acceptability of trial procedures.<h4>Methods</h4>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trial participants, internal stakeholders (healthcare professionals/researchers), and external stakeholders (national and local) across two intervention sites (Glasgow and Birmingham) between March 2023 and February 2024. Data was analysed thematically using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework.<h4>Results</h4>Participants (n = 26; usual care n = 7; intervention n = 19) viewed PHOENIx as distinctively comprehensive, consistent, and caring, valuing its holistic approach and the trusting relationships developed with the team. Stakeholders (n = 16; internal n = 5; external n = 11) recognised PHOENIx's potential to fill gaps in current service provision for PEH, appreciating its flexible, outreach-based model. Challenges identified included resource constraints, integration with existing services, and concerns about long-term sustainability.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The PHOENIx intervention shows promise in providing accessible, comprehensive healthcare which was acceptable to PEH. Its success in engaging this underserved population offers valuable lessons for service development. However, addressing challenges around resources, scalability, and sustainability will be important considerations for a future trial and wider implementation and expansion.
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spelling doaj-art-dd8d7cc93d5b47b892874b7eecd2cd5b2025-08-20T03:28:55ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01206e032465410.1371/journal.pone.0324654Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.Hannah ScobieShona MacKinnonKaren WoodAlessio AlbaneseYvonne CunninghamAndrea WilliamsonJane MoirAndrew McPhersonCian LombardSteven RossAdnan ArafHelena HeathRichard LowrieVibhu PaudyalFrances Mair<h4>Background</h4>People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face complex health and social care needs, contributing to poor health outcomes and premature mortality. The Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) intervention was developed to address these challenges through assertive outreach by NHS pharmacist independent prescribers working with third sector homelessness charity workers for PEH presenting to community pharmacy. This qualitative study aims to explore participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perceptions of the PHOENIx intervention and acceptability of trial procedures.<h4>Methods</h4>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trial participants, internal stakeholders (healthcare professionals/researchers), and external stakeholders (national and local) across two intervention sites (Glasgow and Birmingham) between March 2023 and February 2024. Data was analysed thematically using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework.<h4>Results</h4>Participants (n = 26; usual care n = 7; intervention n = 19) viewed PHOENIx as distinctively comprehensive, consistent, and caring, valuing its holistic approach and the trusting relationships developed with the team. Stakeholders (n = 16; internal n = 5; external n = 11) recognised PHOENIx's potential to fill gaps in current service provision for PEH, appreciating its flexible, outreach-based model. Challenges identified included resource constraints, integration with existing services, and concerns about long-term sustainability.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The PHOENIx intervention shows promise in providing accessible, comprehensive healthcare which was acceptable to PEH. Its success in engaging this underserved population offers valuable lessons for service development. However, addressing challenges around resources, scalability, and sustainability will be important considerations for a future trial and wider implementation and expansion.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324654
spellingShingle Hannah Scobie
Shona MacKinnon
Karen Wood
Alessio Albanese
Yvonne Cunningham
Andrea Williamson
Jane Moir
Andrew McPherson
Cian Lombard
Steven Ross
Adnan Araf
Helena Heath
Richard Lowrie
Vibhu Paudyal
Frances Mair
Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
PLoS ONE
title Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
title_full Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
title_fullStr Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
title_full_unstemmed Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
title_short Patient participant, healthcare professional, and stakeholder perspectives on the Pharmacy Homeless Outreach Engagement Non-medical Independent prescribing Rx (PHOENIx) community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial.
title_sort patient participant healthcare professional and stakeholder perspectives on the pharmacy homeless outreach engagement non medical independent prescribing rx phoenix community pharmacy pilot randomised controlled trial
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324654
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