Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin

Building upon the geological cycle theory, this study proposes fault cycles as a critical component of tectonic cyclicity in petroliferous basins. Focusing on reservoir-controlling faults in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, we systematically analyze fault architectures and identify three distinct faul...

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Main Authors: Zhaozhou Chen, Zhen Liu, Jun Li, Fei Zhou, Zihao Feng, Xinruo Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3571
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author Zhaozhou Chen
Zhen Liu
Jun Li
Fei Zhou
Zihao Feng
Xinruo Ma
author_facet Zhaozhou Chen
Zhen Liu
Jun Li
Fei Zhou
Zihao Feng
Xinruo Ma
author_sort Zhaozhou Chen
collection DOAJ
description Building upon the geological cycle theory, this study proposes fault cycles as a critical component of tectonic cyclicity in petroliferous basins. Focusing on reservoir-controlling faults in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, we systematically analyze fault architectures and identify three distinct fault activation episodes: the Lulehe Formation (LLH Fm.), the upper part of the Xiaganchaigou Formation (UXG Fm.), and the Shizigou Formation (SZG Fm.). Three types of fault cycle models are established. These fault cycles correlate with the evolution of regional tectonic stress fields, corresponding to the Cenozoic transition from extensional to compressional stress regimes in the basin. Mechanistic analysis reveals the hierarchical control of fault cycles in hydrocarbon systems: the early cycle governs the proto-basin geometry and low-amplitude structural trap development; the middle cycle affects the source rock distribution; and the late cycle controls trap finalization and hydrocarbon migration. This study proposes a fault cycle-controlled accumulation model, providing a dynamic perspective that shifts from conventional static fault concepts to reveal fault activity periodicity and its critical multi-phase control over hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, essential for exploration in multi-episodic fault provinces.
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spelling doaj-art-dd6f26898d04400fa0580bd388abca372025-08-20T03:16:55ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011813357110.3390/en18133571Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam BasinZhaozhou Chen0Zhen Liu1Jun Li2Fei Zhou3Zihao Feng4Xinruo Ma5State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaPetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, ChinaBuilding upon the geological cycle theory, this study proposes fault cycles as a critical component of tectonic cyclicity in petroliferous basins. Focusing on reservoir-controlling faults in the southwestern Qaidam Basin, we systematically analyze fault architectures and identify three distinct fault activation episodes: the Lulehe Formation (LLH Fm.), the upper part of the Xiaganchaigou Formation (UXG Fm.), and the Shizigou Formation (SZG Fm.). Three types of fault cycle models are established. These fault cycles correlate with the evolution of regional tectonic stress fields, corresponding to the Cenozoic transition from extensional to compressional stress regimes in the basin. Mechanistic analysis reveals the hierarchical control of fault cycles in hydrocarbon systems: the early cycle governs the proto-basin geometry and low-amplitude structural trap development; the middle cycle affects the source rock distribution; and the late cycle controls trap finalization and hydrocarbon migration. This study proposes a fault cycle-controlled accumulation model, providing a dynamic perspective that shifts from conventional static fault concepts to reveal fault activity periodicity and its critical multi-phase control over hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, essential for exploration in multi-episodic fault provinces.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3571fault cyclefault activitypetroleum accumulation eventssouthwestern Qaidam basin
spellingShingle Zhaozhou Chen
Zhen Liu
Jun Li
Fei Zhou
Zihao Feng
Xinruo Ma
Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
Energies
fault cycle
fault activity
petroleum accumulation events
southwestern Qaidam basin
title Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
title_full Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
title_fullStr Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
title_full_unstemmed Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
title_short Fault Cycling and Its Impact on Hydrocarbon Accumulation: Insights from the Neogene Southwestern Qaidam Basin
title_sort fault cycling and its impact on hydrocarbon accumulation insights from the neogene southwestern qaidam basin
topic fault cycle
fault activity
petroleum accumulation events
southwestern Qaidam basin
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3571
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AT zhenliu faultcyclinganditsimpactonhydrocarbonaccumulationinsightsfromtheneogenesouthwesternqaidambasin
AT junli faultcyclinganditsimpactonhydrocarbonaccumulationinsightsfromtheneogenesouthwesternqaidambasin
AT feizhou faultcyclinganditsimpactonhydrocarbonaccumulationinsightsfromtheneogenesouthwesternqaidambasin
AT zihaofeng faultcyclinganditsimpactonhydrocarbonaccumulationinsightsfromtheneogenesouthwesternqaidambasin
AT xinruoma faultcyclinganditsimpactonhydrocarbonaccumulationinsightsfromtheneogenesouthwesternqaidambasin