The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru
Upwelling is often associated with high productivity, biodiversity, and fishery resource abundance. This study employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the effects of Ekman pumping and transport on the abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid (<i>Dosidicus gigas</i>...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Xingnan Fang Xin Zhang Xinjun Chen Wei Yu |
| author_facet | Xingnan Fang Xin Zhang Xinjun Chen Wei Yu |
| author_sort | Xingnan Fang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Upwelling is often associated with high productivity, biodiversity, and fishery resource abundance. This study employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the effects of Ekman pumping and transport on the abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid (<i>Dosidicus gigas</i>) using wind field data and Chinese commercial fishing catch data off Peru from 2012 to 2020. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of Ekman pumping and transport exhibited significant monthly variation and exerted a considerable impact on the abundance and distribution of <i>D. gigas</i>. Ekman pumping fluctuated between 4.98 × 10<sup>−9</sup> to 6.84 × 10<sup>−7</sup> m/s, with the strongest upwelling effects observed from February to March and October to December. Ekman transport varied from 0.89 to 2.56 m<sup>3</sup>/s and peaked in August. The GAM results indicate that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of <i>D. gigas</i> was significantly affected by Ekman pumping, while the latitudinal gravity centers (LATG) of <i>D. gigas</i> were significantly influenced by Ekman transport and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a). Both hydrodynamic processes had a significant influence on Chl-a. Ekman pumping contributed greatly to upwelling formation, significantly increasing Chl-a concentration in the northern region, while strong Ekman transport pushed high-Chl-a coastal waters offshore in the central and southern regions when Ekman pumping was weaker, resulting in increasing offshore Chl-a concentrations. Furthermore, Chl-a concentration was significantly positively correlated with Ekman pumping after a two-month lag. An El Niño weakened the intensity of Ekman pumping, leading to notable declines in Chl-a concentration and <i>D. gigas</i> CPUE. These findings demonstrate that Ekman pumping and transport significantly influence the distribution of Chl-a, to which <i>D. gigas</i> is sensitive, influencing the abundance and distribution of this species off the coast of Peru. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd4778377e034b4d827bb0bcf8bf72a92025-08-20T03:11:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-01-0113228010.3390/jmse13020280The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of PeruXingnan Fang0Xin Zhang1Xinjun Chen2Wei Yu3College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaUpwelling is often associated with high productivity, biodiversity, and fishery resource abundance. This study employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to analyze the effects of Ekman pumping and transport on the abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid (<i>Dosidicus gigas</i>) using wind field data and Chinese commercial fishing catch data off Peru from 2012 to 2020. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of Ekman pumping and transport exhibited significant monthly variation and exerted a considerable impact on the abundance and distribution of <i>D. gigas</i>. Ekman pumping fluctuated between 4.98 × 10<sup>−9</sup> to 6.84 × 10<sup>−7</sup> m/s, with the strongest upwelling effects observed from February to March and October to December. Ekman transport varied from 0.89 to 2.56 m<sup>3</sup>/s and peaked in August. The GAM results indicate that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of <i>D. gigas</i> was significantly affected by Ekman pumping, while the latitudinal gravity centers (LATG) of <i>D. gigas</i> were significantly influenced by Ekman transport and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a). Both hydrodynamic processes had a significant influence on Chl-a. Ekman pumping contributed greatly to upwelling formation, significantly increasing Chl-a concentration in the northern region, while strong Ekman transport pushed high-Chl-a coastal waters offshore in the central and southern regions when Ekman pumping was weaker, resulting in increasing offshore Chl-a concentrations. Furthermore, Chl-a concentration was significantly positively correlated with Ekman pumping after a two-month lag. An El Niño weakened the intensity of Ekman pumping, leading to notable declines in Chl-a concentration and <i>D. gigas</i> CPUE. These findings demonstrate that Ekman pumping and transport significantly influence the distribution of Chl-a, to which <i>D. gigas</i> is sensitive, influencing the abundance and distribution of this species off the coast of Peru.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/280<i>Dosidicus gigas</i>Ekman pumpingEkman transportchlorophyll-a concentrationoffshore Peru |
| spellingShingle | Xingnan Fang Xin Zhang Xinjun Chen Wei Yu The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru Journal of Marine Science and Engineering <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> Ekman pumping Ekman transport chlorophyll-a concentration offshore Peru |
| title | The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru |
| title_full | The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru |
| title_short | The Impact of Ekman Pumping and Transport on <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> (Jumbo Flying Squid) Fishing Ground by Chinese Jiggers off the Coast of Peru |
| title_sort | impact of ekman pumping and transport on i dosidicus gigas i jumbo flying squid fishing ground by chinese jiggers off the coast of peru |
| topic | <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> Ekman pumping Ekman transport chlorophyll-a concentration offshore Peru |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/2/280 |
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