Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells

Abstract Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) is a versatile protein crucial for sensing DNA damage in the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) pathway. This pathway is vital for mammalian cells, acting as their essential approach for repairing DNA lesions stemming from interactions with...

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Main Authors: Ali Nasrallah, Hamid-Reza Rezvani, Farah Kobaisi, Ahmad Hammoud, Jérôme Rambert, Jos P. H. Smits, Eric Sulpice, Walid Rachidi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81675-6
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author Ali Nasrallah
Hamid-Reza Rezvani
Farah Kobaisi
Ahmad Hammoud
Jérôme Rambert
Jos P. H. Smits
Eric Sulpice
Walid Rachidi
author_facet Ali Nasrallah
Hamid-Reza Rezvani
Farah Kobaisi
Ahmad Hammoud
Jérôme Rambert
Jos P. H. Smits
Eric Sulpice
Walid Rachidi
author_sort Ali Nasrallah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) is a versatile protein crucial for sensing DNA damage in the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) pathway. This pathway is vital for mammalian cells, acting as their essential approach for repairing DNA lesions stemming from interactions with environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Loss-of-function mutations in the XPC gene confer a photosensitive phenotype in XP-C patients, resulting in the accumulation of unrepaired UV-induced DNA damage. This remarkable increase in DNA damage tends to elevate by 10,000-fold the risk of developing melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. To date, creating accurate and reproducible models to study human XP-C disease has been an important challenge. To tackle this, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology in order to knockout the XPC gene in various human skin cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes). After validation of the knockout in these edited skin cells, we showed that they recapitulate the major phenotypes of XPC mutations: photosensitivity and the impairment of UV-induced DNA damage repair. Moreover, these knockout cells demonstrated a reduced proliferative capacity compared to their respective controls. Finally, to better mimic the disease environment, we built a 3D reconstructed skin using these XPC knockout skin cells. This model exhibited an abnormal behavior, showing an extensive remodeling of its extracellular matrix compared to normal skin. Analyzing the composition of the fibroblast secretome revealed a significant augmented shift in the inflammatory response following XPC knockout. Our innovative “disease on a dish” approach can provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying XP-C disease, paving the way to design novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the disease phenotype. Also, given the high risk of skin cancer onset in XP-C disease, our new approach can serve as a link to draw novel insights into this elusive field.
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spelling doaj-art-dd3e2a434bfd42328b9a6930f2e848f92025-08-20T02:39:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114112110.1038/s41598-024-81675-6Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cellsAli Nasrallah0Hamid-Reza Rezvani1Farah Kobaisi2Ahmad Hammoud3Jérôme Rambert4Jos P. H. Smits5Eric Sulpice6Walid Rachidi7Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, BiomicsAquiderm, University of BordeauxUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, BiomicsUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, BiomicsAquiderm, University of BordeauxDepartment of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UniversityUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, BiomicsUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, BiomicsAbstract Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) is a versatile protein crucial for sensing DNA damage in the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) pathway. This pathway is vital for mammalian cells, acting as their essential approach for repairing DNA lesions stemming from interactions with environmental factors, such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Loss-of-function mutations in the XPC gene confer a photosensitive phenotype in XP-C patients, resulting in the accumulation of unrepaired UV-induced DNA damage. This remarkable increase in DNA damage tends to elevate by 10,000-fold the risk of developing melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. To date, creating accurate and reproducible models to study human XP-C disease has been an important challenge. To tackle this, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology in order to knockout the XPC gene in various human skin cells (keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes). After validation of the knockout in these edited skin cells, we showed that they recapitulate the major phenotypes of XPC mutations: photosensitivity and the impairment of UV-induced DNA damage repair. Moreover, these knockout cells demonstrated a reduced proliferative capacity compared to their respective controls. Finally, to better mimic the disease environment, we built a 3D reconstructed skin using these XPC knockout skin cells. This model exhibited an abnormal behavior, showing an extensive remodeling of its extracellular matrix compared to normal skin. Analyzing the composition of the fibroblast secretome revealed a significant augmented shift in the inflammatory response following XPC knockout. Our innovative “disease on a dish” approach can provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying XP-C disease, paving the way to design novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the disease phenotype. Also, given the high risk of skin cancer onset in XP-C disease, our new approach can serve as a link to draw novel insights into this elusive field.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81675-6SkinCRISPR-Cas9XP-C diseaseDNA damageUV irradiation
spellingShingle Ali Nasrallah
Hamid-Reza Rezvani
Farah Kobaisi
Ahmad Hammoud
Jérôme Rambert
Jos P. H. Smits
Eric Sulpice
Walid Rachidi
Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
Scientific Reports
Skin
CRISPR-Cas9
XP-C disease
DNA damage
UV irradiation
title Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
title_full Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
title_fullStr Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
title_full_unstemmed Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
title_short Generation and characterization of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated XPC gene knockout in human skin cells
title_sort generation and characterization of crispr cas9 mediated xpc gene knockout in human skin cells
topic Skin
CRISPR-Cas9
XP-C disease
DNA damage
UV irradiation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81675-6
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