Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021
Abstract Background The study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias(ADOD) in different regions, and assess the association between socio-demographic index(SDI) and disease burden. Methods We extracted data on the incidence, mortali...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal for Equity in Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02530-2 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850140573471604736 |
|---|---|
| author | Changqing Xu Chuanping Jiang Xiaoxue Liu Wenqi Shi Jianjun Bai Sumaira Mubarik Fang Wang |
| author_facet | Changqing Xu Chuanping Jiang Xiaoxue Liu Wenqi Shi Jianjun Bai Sumaira Mubarik Fang Wang |
| author_sort | Changqing Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias(ADOD) in different regions, and assess the association between socio-demographic index(SDI) and disease burden. Methods We extracted data on the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs), and age-standardized rates related to ADOD, as disease burden measures from 1990 to 2021. The joinpoint regression, quantile regression and restricted cubic splines were adopted to estimate the temporal trends and relationships with SDI. Risk factors for deaths and DALYs were also analyzed. Results Globally, 9.84 million cases of ADOD occurred in 2021, with 1.95 million ADOD-related deaths, causing 36.33 million DALYs. ADOD incidence, mortality and DALYs all increased from 1990 to 2021. Regional and sex variations persisted, with the fastest increase in age-standardized death rate in low-middle SDI quintiles, experienced the highest estimated annual percentage changes (0.41[0.31,0.52]). The incidence of ADOD increased more rapidly as SDI increased in areas that have historically shown lower incidence compared to other areas. In regions with higher mortality or DALYs burden, these indicators decreased relatively faster as SDI increased. High fasting plasma glucose was the main risk factor, particularly in high SDI region, with an increasing trend in attributable burden. The burden attributable to high BMI was increasing, whereas the burden associated with smoking steadily decreased. Conclusion ADOD poses a significant and escalating challenge to healthcare sustainability, with persistent regional and gender disparities. By learning from successful ADOD management in certain nations, we can proactively reduce health burdens and bridge disparities between countries at various developmental levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd3992bbeea74feb99497144ca91125d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1475-9276 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal for Equity in Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd3992bbeea74feb99497144ca91125d2025-08-20T02:29:45ZengBMCInternational Journal for Equity in Health1475-92762025-05-0124111510.1186/s12939-025-02530-2Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021Changqing Xu0Chuanping Jiang1Xiaoxue Liu2Wenqi Shi3Jianjun Bai4Sumaira Mubarik5Fang Wang6Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Outpatient Office, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityGlobal Health Research Division, Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical UniversitySchool of Public Health, Peking UniversityPharmacoTherapy,-Epidemiology and-Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of GroningenDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Background The study aimed to analyze the long-term trends in the global burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias(ADOD) in different regions, and assess the association between socio-demographic index(SDI) and disease burden. Methods We extracted data on the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs), and age-standardized rates related to ADOD, as disease burden measures from 1990 to 2021. The joinpoint regression, quantile regression and restricted cubic splines were adopted to estimate the temporal trends and relationships with SDI. Risk factors for deaths and DALYs were also analyzed. Results Globally, 9.84 million cases of ADOD occurred in 2021, with 1.95 million ADOD-related deaths, causing 36.33 million DALYs. ADOD incidence, mortality and DALYs all increased from 1990 to 2021. Regional and sex variations persisted, with the fastest increase in age-standardized death rate in low-middle SDI quintiles, experienced the highest estimated annual percentage changes (0.41[0.31,0.52]). The incidence of ADOD increased more rapidly as SDI increased in areas that have historically shown lower incidence compared to other areas. In regions with higher mortality or DALYs burden, these indicators decreased relatively faster as SDI increased. High fasting plasma glucose was the main risk factor, particularly in high SDI region, with an increasing trend in attributable burden. The burden attributable to high BMI was increasing, whereas the burden associated with smoking steadily decreased. Conclusion ADOD poses a significant and escalating challenge to healthcare sustainability, with persistent regional and gender disparities. By learning from successful ADOD management in certain nations, we can proactively reduce health burdens and bridge disparities between countries at various developmental levels.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02530-2Global burden of diseaseAlzheimer's disease and other dementiasSocio-demographic indexRisk factorsTrends |
| spellingShingle | Changqing Xu Chuanping Jiang Xiaoxue Liu Wenqi Shi Jianjun Bai Sumaira Mubarik Fang Wang Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 International Journal for Equity in Health Global burden of disease Alzheimer's disease and other dementias Socio-demographic index Risk factors Trends |
| title | Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 |
| title_full | Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 |
| title_short | Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 |
| title_sort | epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions in the global burden and risk factors for alzheimer s disease and other dementias a secondary analysis of gbd 2021 |
| topic | Global burden of disease Alzheimer's disease and other dementias Socio-demographic index Risk factors Trends |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02530-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT changqingxu epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT chuanpingjiang epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT xiaoxueliu epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT wenqishi epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT jianjunbai epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT sumairamubarik epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 AT fangwang epidemiologicalandsociodemographictransitionsintheglobalburdenandriskfactorsforalzheimersdiseaseandotherdementiasasecondaryanalysisofgbd2021 |