Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions

Objective: This study aimed to compare sarcopenia prevalence in older adults using nine diagnostic criteria from different regions to assess how these guidelines influence prevalence rates within the same population. Additionally, we analyzed variations across subgroups to identify factors contribut...

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Main Authors: Wei-Cheng Chiu, Tung-Wei Kao, Tao-Chun Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Experimental Gerontology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556525000506
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author Wei-Cheng Chiu
Tung-Wei Kao
Tao-Chun Peng
author_facet Wei-Cheng Chiu
Tung-Wei Kao
Tao-Chun Peng
author_sort Wei-Cheng Chiu
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study aimed to compare sarcopenia prevalence in older adults using nine diagnostic criteria from different regions to assess how these guidelines influence prevalence rates within the same population. Additionally, we analyzed variations across subgroups to identify factors contributing to prevalence differences. Methods: A total of 1760 participants aged 65–99 were enrolled. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess muscle mass, while muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using grip strength, gait speed, and the repeated chair stands test. Sarcopenia prevalence was determined based on definitions provided by ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism), EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People), IWGS (International Working Group on Sarcopenia), SCWD (Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disorders), AWGS (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia), FNIH (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health), and SDOC (Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium). Additionally, prevalence rates were assessed across subgroups based on age, sex, and BMI categories. Results: Sarcopenia prevalence varied from 4.8 % (n = 79), based on the FNIH criteria, to 16.1 % (n = 261), according to the EWGSOP criteria. Among females, higher prevalence rates were observed using the ESPEN, AWGS, and EWGSOP2 criteria, while the FNIH criteria indicated a higher prevalence in males. Prevalence increased with age, especially in those aged 85 and older. Lower BMI was associated with higher sarcopenia prevalence according to most criteria, except the FNIH and ESPEN. Conclusion: The notable variability in sarcopenia prevalence across different diagnostic criteria highlights the need for population-specific guidelines. Refining diagnostic criteria to address demographic variations could enhance the accuracy and applicability of sarcopenia assessments. Future studies should aim to further tailor diagnostic approaches and interventions to meet the needs of diverse populations.
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spelling doaj-art-dd34f0e3e4b54cb2bc4471810417ce032025-08-20T02:02:24ZengElsevierExperimental Gerontology1873-68152025-04-0120211272110.1016/j.exger.2025.112721Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regionsWei-Cheng Chiu0Tung-Wei Kao1Tao-Chun Peng2Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, TaiwanDivision of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDivision of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author at: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan.Objective: This study aimed to compare sarcopenia prevalence in older adults using nine diagnostic criteria from different regions to assess how these guidelines influence prevalence rates within the same population. Additionally, we analyzed variations across subgroups to identify factors contributing to prevalence differences. Methods: A total of 1760 participants aged 65–99 were enrolled. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess muscle mass, while muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using grip strength, gait speed, and the repeated chair stands test. Sarcopenia prevalence was determined based on definitions provided by ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism), EWGSOP (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People), IWGS (International Working Group on Sarcopenia), SCWD (Society for Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disorders), AWGS (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia), FNIH (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health), and SDOC (Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium). Additionally, prevalence rates were assessed across subgroups based on age, sex, and BMI categories. Results: Sarcopenia prevalence varied from 4.8 % (n = 79), based on the FNIH criteria, to 16.1 % (n = 261), according to the EWGSOP criteria. Among females, higher prevalence rates were observed using the ESPEN, AWGS, and EWGSOP2 criteria, while the FNIH criteria indicated a higher prevalence in males. Prevalence increased with age, especially in those aged 85 and older. Lower BMI was associated with higher sarcopenia prevalence according to most criteria, except the FNIH and ESPEN. Conclusion: The notable variability in sarcopenia prevalence across different diagnostic criteria highlights the need for population-specific guidelines. Refining diagnostic criteria to address demographic variations could enhance the accuracy and applicability of sarcopenia assessments. Future studies should aim to further tailor diagnostic approaches and interventions to meet the needs of diverse populations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556525000506MuscleSarcopeniaPre-sarcopeniaGuidelineRegionOlder adults
spellingShingle Wei-Cheng Chiu
Tung-Wei Kao
Tao-Chun Peng
Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
Experimental Gerontology
Muscle
Sarcopenia
Pre-sarcopenia
Guideline
Region
Older adults
title Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
title_full Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
title_fullStr Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
title_short Prevalence of sarcopenia in Asian older adults: A comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
title_sort prevalence of sarcopenia in asian older adults a comparison of nine diagnostic criteria across different regions
topic Muscle
Sarcopenia
Pre-sarcopenia
Guideline
Region
Older adults
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556525000506
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AT taochunpeng prevalenceofsarcopeniainasianolderadultsacomparisonofninediagnosticcriteriaacrossdifferentregions