Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)

Sweet lime is one of the famous Citrus species however, its shy bearing habit, poor yield and quality adversely affects its production in Pakistan. Potassium nitrate is known to affect sex expression, yield and quality of different fruit species. Therefore effect of different KNO3 concentrations (0,...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Noman Khan, Ghulam Nabi, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Emad A. A. Ismail, Fuad A. Awwad, Muhammad Irshad, Hijaz Ahmad, Muhammad Suhail
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:International Journal of Fruit Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15538362.2025.2519138
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author Muhammad Noman Khan
Ghulam Nabi
Abdul Mateen Khattak
Emad A. A. Ismail
Fuad A. Awwad
Muhammad Irshad
Hijaz Ahmad
Muhammad Suhail
author_facet Muhammad Noman Khan
Ghulam Nabi
Abdul Mateen Khattak
Emad A. A. Ismail
Fuad A. Awwad
Muhammad Irshad
Hijaz Ahmad
Muhammad Suhail
author_sort Muhammad Noman Khan
collection DOAJ
description Sweet lime is one of the famous Citrus species however, its shy bearing habit, poor yield and quality adversely affects its production in Pakistan. Potassium nitrate is known to affect sex expression, yield and quality of different fruit species. Therefore effect of different KNO3 concentrations (0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 %) and their time of application (5, 10 and 15 days after bud break, DABB) on sweet lime was evaluated during 2020 in Rustam, Mardan, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Results of the current study indicated that 4.0 % KNO3 significantly increased Ch a, Ch b Ch a+b carotenoids content, perfect flowers, fruit weight, number of fruits per tree, fruit yield per tree, TSS, total sugars and reduced staminate flowers. Potassium nitrate at 3.5 % produced maximum fruit juice content and vitamin C, while the highest fruit firmness was recorded with 4.5 % KNO3 application. Spray application done on 10 days after bud break increased perfect flowers, fruit weight, number of fruits per tree, fruit yield per tree, fruit firmness, vitamin C, TSS, total sugars and decreased staminate flowers. Chlorophyll a, Ch a+b and carotenoid content were highest on 15 DABB application. Our single year findings indicate that KNO3 at 4.0 % should be applied after 10 days of bud break for improved yield and fruit quality of sweet lime.
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spelling doaj-art-dd2c446423754bf78fe0b9be4aba687a2025-08-20T02:32:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInternational Journal of Fruit Science1553-83621553-86212025-12-01251405110.1080/15538362.2025.2519138Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)Muhammad Noman Khan0Ghulam Nabi1Abdul Mateen Khattak2Emad A. A. Ismail3Fuad A. Awwad4Muhammad Irshad5Hijaz Ahmad6Muhammad Suhail7Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PakistanDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Statistics, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, PakistanSweet lime is one of the famous Citrus species however, its shy bearing habit, poor yield and quality adversely affects its production in Pakistan. Potassium nitrate is known to affect sex expression, yield and quality of different fruit species. Therefore effect of different KNO3 concentrations (0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 %) and their time of application (5, 10 and 15 days after bud break, DABB) on sweet lime was evaluated during 2020 in Rustam, Mardan, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Results of the current study indicated that 4.0 % KNO3 significantly increased Ch a, Ch b Ch a+b carotenoids content, perfect flowers, fruit weight, number of fruits per tree, fruit yield per tree, TSS, total sugars and reduced staminate flowers. Potassium nitrate at 3.5 % produced maximum fruit juice content and vitamin C, while the highest fruit firmness was recorded with 4.5 % KNO3 application. Spray application done on 10 days after bud break increased perfect flowers, fruit weight, number of fruits per tree, fruit yield per tree, fruit firmness, vitamin C, TSS, total sugars and decreased staminate flowers. Chlorophyll a, Ch a+b and carotenoid content were highest on 15 DABB application. Our single year findings indicate that KNO3 at 4.0 % should be applied after 10 days of bud break for improved yield and fruit quality of sweet lime.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15538362.2025.2519138KNO3time of applicationphotosynthetic pigmentssex expressionyield and quality
spellingShingle Muhammad Noman Khan
Ghulam Nabi
Abdul Mateen Khattak
Emad A. A. Ismail
Fuad A. Awwad
Muhammad Irshad
Hijaz Ahmad
Muhammad Suhail
Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
International Journal of Fruit Science
KNO3
time of application
photosynthetic pigments
sex expression
yield and quality
title Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
title_full Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
title_fullStr Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
title_short Efficacy of Foliar Application of Potassium Nitrate in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Pigments, Sex expression, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Lime (Citrus limmetoids)
title_sort efficacy of foliar application of potassium nitrate in the regulation of photosynthetic pigments sex expression yield and quality attributes of sweet lime citrus limmetoids
topic KNO3
time of application
photosynthetic pigments
sex expression
yield and quality
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15538362.2025.2519138
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