Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing

This work focuses on optimizing the scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs)—as implemented in the Portuguese national project New Generation Storage (NGS)—to maximize social welfare and enhance energy trading efficiency within modern energy grids. By integrating distributed energy resources (DERs)...

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Main Authors: Ali Abbasi, Filipe Alves, Rui A. Ribeiro, João L. Sobral, Ricardo Rodrigues
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Smart Cities
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/2/47
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author Ali Abbasi
Filipe Alves
Rui A. Ribeiro
João L. Sobral
Ricardo Rodrigues
author_facet Ali Abbasi
Filipe Alves
Rui A. Ribeiro
João L. Sobral
Ricardo Rodrigues
author_sort Ali Abbasi
collection DOAJ
description This work focuses on optimizing the scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs)—as implemented in the Portuguese national project New Generation Storage (NGS)—to maximize social welfare and enhance energy trading efficiency within modern energy grids. By integrating distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, VPPs represent a pivotal element of sustainable urban energy systems. The scheduling problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) task and addressed by using a parallelized simulated annealing (SA) algorithm implemented on high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. This parallelization accelerates solution space exploration, enabling the system to efficiently manage the complexity of larger DER networks and more sophisticated scheduling scenarios. The approach demonstrates its capability to align with the objectives of smart cities by ensuring adaptive and efficient energy distribution, integrating dynamic pricing mechanisms, and extending the operational lifespan of critical energy assets such as batteries. Rigorous simulations highlight the method’s ability to reduce optimization time, maintain solution quality, and scale efficiently, facilitating real-time decision making in energy markets. Moreover, the optimized coordination of DERs supports grid stability, enhances market responsiveness, and contributes to developing resilient, low-carbon urban environments. This study underscores the transformative role of computational infrastructure in addressing the challenges of modern energy systems, showcasing how advanced algorithms and HPC can enable scalable, adaptive, and sustainable energy optimization in smart cities. The findings demonstrate a pathway to achieving socially and environmentally responsible energy systems that align with the priorities of urban resilience and sustainable development.
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spelling doaj-art-dd1f57c6dbcc4d499dc8f013bbfaa17c2025-08-20T03:13:54ZengMDPI AGSmart Cities2624-65112025-03-01824710.3390/smartcities8020047Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance ComputingAli Abbasi0Filipe Alves1Rui A. Ribeiro2João L. Sobral3Ricardo Rodrigues4DTx—Digital Transformation CoLAB, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalDTx—Digital Transformation CoLAB, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalDTx—Digital Transformation CoLAB, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCentro de Algoritmi, Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualar, 4704-553 Braga, PortugalDTx—Digital Transformation CoLAB, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalThis work focuses on optimizing the scheduling of virtual power plants (VPPs)—as implemented in the Portuguese national project New Generation Storage (NGS)—to maximize social welfare and enhance energy trading efficiency within modern energy grids. By integrating distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, VPPs represent a pivotal element of sustainable urban energy systems. The scheduling problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) task and addressed by using a parallelized simulated annealing (SA) algorithm implemented on high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. This parallelization accelerates solution space exploration, enabling the system to efficiently manage the complexity of larger DER networks and more sophisticated scheduling scenarios. The approach demonstrates its capability to align with the objectives of smart cities by ensuring adaptive and efficient energy distribution, integrating dynamic pricing mechanisms, and extending the operational lifespan of critical energy assets such as batteries. Rigorous simulations highlight the method’s ability to reduce optimization time, maintain solution quality, and scale efficiently, facilitating real-time decision making in energy markets. Moreover, the optimized coordination of DERs supports grid stability, enhances market responsiveness, and contributes to developing resilient, low-carbon urban environments. This study underscores the transformative role of computational infrastructure in addressing the challenges of modern energy systems, showcasing how advanced algorithms and HPC can enable scalable, adaptive, and sustainable energy optimization in smart cities. The findings demonstrate a pathway to achieving socially and environmentally responsible energy systems that align with the priorities of urban resilience and sustainable development.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/2/47virtual power plantsocial welfare optimizationbattery lifespan constraintsparallel simulated annealinghigh-performance computingmixed-integer linear programming
spellingShingle Ali Abbasi
Filipe Alves
Rui A. Ribeiro
João L. Sobral
Ricardo Rodrigues
Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
Smart Cities
virtual power plant
social welfare optimization
battery lifespan constraints
parallel simulated annealing
high-performance computing
mixed-integer linear programming
title Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
title_full Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
title_fullStr Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
title_short Optimizing Virtual Power Plants with Parallel Simulated Annealing on High-Performance Computing
title_sort optimizing virtual power plants with parallel simulated annealing on high performance computing
topic virtual power plant
social welfare optimization
battery lifespan constraints
parallel simulated annealing
high-performance computing
mixed-integer linear programming
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/8/2/47
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AT ruiaribeiro optimizingvirtualpowerplantswithparallelsimulatedannealingonhighperformancecomputing
AT joaolsobral optimizingvirtualpowerplantswithparallelsimulatedannealingonhighperformancecomputing
AT ricardorodrigues optimizingvirtualpowerplantswithparallelsimulatedannealingonhighperformancecomputing