Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study

Background/Objectives: After pandemic of COVID-19, there were increased the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it remains unclear which specific factors link MIS-C to COVID-19 following inf...

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Main Authors: Buddhaporn Prasertsakul, Phanthila Sitthikarnkha, Chetta Ngamjarus, Chaniya Jakeaw, Sumitr Sutra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/678
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author Buddhaporn Prasertsakul
Phanthila Sitthikarnkha
Chetta Ngamjarus
Chaniya Jakeaw
Sumitr Sutra
author_facet Buddhaporn Prasertsakul
Phanthila Sitthikarnkha
Chetta Ngamjarus
Chaniya Jakeaw
Sumitr Sutra
author_sort Buddhaporn Prasertsakul
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: After pandemic of COVID-19, there were increased the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it remains unclear which specific factors link MIS-C to COVID-19 following infection. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with MIS-C in children infected with COVID-19. Methods: A multicenter-matched case-control study was conducted across Chum Phae, Khon Kaen, and Srinagarind Hospitals, Thailand. We included patients under 21 years old from those hospitals from January 2021 to February 2024. The cases were patients diagnosed with MIS-C, while the controls had a history of COVID-19 infection but had not been diagnosed with MIS-C at least 3 months post-infection. The matching criteria for cases and controls, in a 1:2 ratio, included gender and age. The association between various factors and MIS-C was examined using conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 34 MIS-C cases were matched with 68 controls. We found that antiviral therapy administered during COVID-19 infection was linked to a reduced risk of MIS-C development, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02–0.20). However, this study found no association between COVID-19 vaccination and nutritional status in the development of MIS-C. Conclusions: The administration of antiviral treatment during COVID-19 infection was associated with a diminished incidence of MIS-C.
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spelling doaj-art-dd12b5d2e9f548e78fea4db5081ebde02025-08-20T03:27:30ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-05-0112667810.3390/children12060678Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control StudyBuddhaporn Prasertsakul0Phanthila Sitthikarnkha1Chetta Ngamjarus2Chaniya Jakeaw3Sumitr Sutra4Department of Pediatrics, Chum Phae Hospital, Khon Kaen 40130, ThailandDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandDepartment of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen 40000, ThailandDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittraphap Road, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandBackground/Objectives: After pandemic of COVID-19, there were increased the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it remains unclear which specific factors link MIS-C to COVID-19 following infection. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with MIS-C in children infected with COVID-19. Methods: A multicenter-matched case-control study was conducted across Chum Phae, Khon Kaen, and Srinagarind Hospitals, Thailand. We included patients under 21 years old from those hospitals from January 2021 to February 2024. The cases were patients diagnosed with MIS-C, while the controls had a history of COVID-19 infection but had not been diagnosed with MIS-C at least 3 months post-infection. The matching criteria for cases and controls, in a 1:2 ratio, included gender and age. The association between various factors and MIS-C was examined using conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 34 MIS-C cases were matched with 68 controls. We found that antiviral therapy administered during COVID-19 infection was linked to a reduced risk of MIS-C development, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02–0.20). However, this study found no association between COVID-19 vaccination and nutritional status in the development of MIS-C. Conclusions: The administration of antiviral treatment during COVID-19 infection was associated with a diminished incidence of MIS-C.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/678multisystem inflammatory syndromechildrenMIS-CCOVID-19coronavirus 2019
spellingShingle Buddhaporn Prasertsakul
Phanthila Sitthikarnkha
Chetta Ngamjarus
Chaniya Jakeaw
Sumitr Sutra
Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
Children
multisystem inflammatory syndrome
children
MIS-C
COVID-19
coronavirus 2019
title Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
title_full Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
title_short Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter Matched Case-Control Study
title_sort factors associated with covid 19 infection related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children a multicenter matched case control study
topic multisystem inflammatory syndrome
children
MIS-C
COVID-19
coronavirus 2019
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/6/678
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