Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India

Abstract Objectives To understand preferences for illness-related information, decision-making roles, and barriers to Advance Care Planning (ACP) documentation among patients with End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) and their caregivers in India. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was con...

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Main Authors: Bharathi Naik, Anuja Damani, Arun Ghoshal, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Pankaj Singhai, Swathi Nayak Ammunje, Ravindra Prabhu Attur, Naveen Salins
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04354-2
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author Bharathi Naik
Anuja Damani
Arun Ghoshal
Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
Pankaj Singhai
Swathi Nayak Ammunje
Ravindra Prabhu Attur
Naveen Salins
author_facet Bharathi Naik
Anuja Damani
Arun Ghoshal
Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
Pankaj Singhai
Swathi Nayak Ammunje
Ravindra Prabhu Attur
Naveen Salins
author_sort Bharathi Naik
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objectives To understand preferences for illness-related information, decision-making roles, and barriers to Advance Care Planning (ACP) documentation among patients with End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) and their caregivers in India. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted from October 2022 to September 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Quantitative data were collected using a validated ACP questionnaire from 247 patient-caregiver dyads. Qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 34 patients and 6 caregivers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s framework. Results Most patients (90.7%) and caregivers (94.1%) preferred detailed illness-related information, yet ACP documentation interest was low (20.4% dialysis, 9.2% non-dialysis patients). The majority preferred collaborative decision-making involving family and clinicians. Barriers to ACP included limited awareness, emotional burden, and systemic challenges. Enablers included family support and provider guidance. Conclusions While interest in illness information and shared decision-making is high, ACP documentation remains limited. Tailored strategies are needed to promote ACP engagement. Practice implications Integrating culturally sensitive ACP discussions into routine nephrology care and involving families can improve ACP participation.
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spelling doaj-art-dd0e448b3a434b43b3f3f0770334969a2025-08-20T03:42:34ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692025-07-0126111010.1186/s12882-025-04354-2Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in IndiaBharathi Naik0Anuja Damani1Arun Ghoshal2Shankar Prasad Nagaraju3Pankaj Singhai4Swathi Nayak Ammunje5Ravindra Prabhu Attur6Naveen Salins7Department of Renal Replacement Therapy and Dialysis Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Palliative Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Sri Aurobindo UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAbstract Objectives To understand preferences for illness-related information, decision-making roles, and barriers to Advance Care Planning (ACP) documentation among patients with End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) and their caregivers in India. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted from October 2022 to September 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Quantitative data were collected using a validated ACP questionnaire from 247 patient-caregiver dyads. Qualitative data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 34 patients and 6 caregivers. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s framework. Results Most patients (90.7%) and caregivers (94.1%) preferred detailed illness-related information, yet ACP documentation interest was low (20.4% dialysis, 9.2% non-dialysis patients). The majority preferred collaborative decision-making involving family and clinicians. Barriers to ACP included limited awareness, emotional burden, and systemic challenges. Enablers included family support and provider guidance. Conclusions While interest in illness information and shared decision-making is high, ACP documentation remains limited. Tailored strategies are needed to promote ACP engagement. Practice implications Integrating culturally sensitive ACP discussions into routine nephrology care and involving families can improve ACP participation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04354-2Advance care planningEnd-stage kidney diseaseDialysisIndiaPatient-centered careFamily involvement
spellingShingle Bharathi Naik
Anuja Damani
Arun Ghoshal
Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
Pankaj Singhai
Swathi Nayak Ammunje
Ravindra Prabhu Attur
Naveen Salins
Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
BMC Nephrology
Advance care planning
End-stage kidney disease
Dialysis
India
Patient-centered care
Family involvement
title Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
title_full Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
title_fullStr Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
title_full_unstemmed Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
title_short Barriers and preferences in advance care planning: a mixed-methods study of end-stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in India
title_sort barriers and preferences in advance care planning a mixed methods study of end stage kidney disease patients and caregivers in india
topic Advance care planning
End-stage kidney disease
Dialysis
India
Patient-centered care
Family involvement
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04354-2
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