Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale

Unlike conventional asphalt pavements, steel bridge deck pavement (SBDP) is directly constructed on orthotropic steel deck plates characterized by relatively low flexural stiffness, rendering it more susceptible to rutting deformation under elevated temperatures and repeated loading. To investigate...

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Main Authors: Xingchen Min, Yun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6187
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author Xingchen Min
Yun Liu
author_facet Xingchen Min
Yun Liu
author_sort Xingchen Min
collection DOAJ
description Unlike conventional asphalt pavements, steel bridge deck pavement (SBDP) is directly constructed on orthotropic steel deck plates characterized by relatively low flexural stiffness, rendering it more susceptible to rutting deformation under elevated temperatures and repeated loading. To investigate the mesoscopic mechanism underlying rutting formation in SBDP, a three-dimensional (3D) discrete–continuous coupled model of a steel–asphalt composite structural specimen (SACSS) was developed and employed to conduct virtual rutting simulations, which were subsequently validated against laboratory test results. The impact of surface cracking on rutting progression was then explored. In addition, the spatial motion and contact interactions of particles during the rutting process were monitored and analyzed. The influence of steel plate stiffness on the rutting resistance of SBDP was also evaluated. The numerical analyses yielded the following key findings: (1) Under three steel–asphalt interface bonding (SAIB) failure conditions (0%, 17%, and 100%), the virtual simulation results exhibited strong agreement with experimental trends in rutting depth over time, thereby confirming the validity and reliability of the coupled modeling approach. (2) At 30 °C, the presence of surface cracks is found to increase the rutting depth by 35.77%, whereas this effect is mitigated at 45 °C. (3) The meso-mechanical mechanisms governing rutting deformation in SBDP are further elucidated under different temperature conditions. (4) Moreover, at elevated temperatures, the use of a steel plate with an elastic modulus of 206 MPa effectively inhibit rutting development. This study offers mesoscopic-level insights into the effects of temperature, SAIB conditions, steel plate stiffness, and surface cracking on the macroscopic rutting behavior of SBDP, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of long-lasting SBDPs.
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spelling doaj-art-dd0e0ab58f8242f1bc5247f978a0db272025-08-20T02:23:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511618710.3390/app15116187Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic ScaleXingchen Min0Yun Liu1Road and Railway Engineering Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaRoad and Railway Engineering Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaUnlike conventional asphalt pavements, steel bridge deck pavement (SBDP) is directly constructed on orthotropic steel deck plates characterized by relatively low flexural stiffness, rendering it more susceptible to rutting deformation under elevated temperatures and repeated loading. To investigate the mesoscopic mechanism underlying rutting formation in SBDP, a three-dimensional (3D) discrete–continuous coupled model of a steel–asphalt composite structural specimen (SACSS) was developed and employed to conduct virtual rutting simulations, which were subsequently validated against laboratory test results. The impact of surface cracking on rutting progression was then explored. In addition, the spatial motion and contact interactions of particles during the rutting process were monitored and analyzed. The influence of steel plate stiffness on the rutting resistance of SBDP was also evaluated. The numerical analyses yielded the following key findings: (1) Under three steel–asphalt interface bonding (SAIB) failure conditions (0%, 17%, and 100%), the virtual simulation results exhibited strong agreement with experimental trends in rutting depth over time, thereby confirming the validity and reliability of the coupled modeling approach. (2) At 30 °C, the presence of surface cracks is found to increase the rutting depth by 35.77%, whereas this effect is mitigated at 45 °C. (3) The meso-mechanical mechanisms governing rutting deformation in SBDP are further elucidated under different temperature conditions. (4) Moreover, at elevated temperatures, the use of a steel plate with an elastic modulus of 206 MPa effectively inhibit rutting development. This study offers mesoscopic-level insights into the effects of temperature, SAIB conditions, steel plate stiffness, and surface cracking on the macroscopic rutting behavior of SBDP, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of long-lasting SBDPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6187steel bridge deck pavementrutting mechanismthree-dimensional discrete–continuous coupling methodmesoscopic mechanism
spellingShingle Xingchen Min
Yun Liu
Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
Applied Sciences
steel bridge deck pavement
rutting mechanism
three-dimensional discrete–continuous coupling method
mesoscopic mechanism
title Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
title_full Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
title_fullStr Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
title_full_unstemmed Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
title_short Permanent Deformation Mechanism of Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Using Three-Dimensional Discrete–Continuous Coupling Method on the Mesoscopic Scale
title_sort permanent deformation mechanism of steel bridge deck pavement using three dimensional discrete continuous coupling method on the mesoscopic scale
topic steel bridge deck pavement
rutting mechanism
three-dimensional discrete–continuous coupling method
mesoscopic mechanism
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6187
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AT yunliu permanentdeformationmechanismofsteelbridgedeckpavementusingthreedimensionaldiscretecontinuouscouplingmethodonthemesoscopicscale