Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD
Background: Air pollution and road traffic noise are major environmental stressors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although their independent effects are well-documented, few studies have concurrently evaluated their relative contributions—particularly in low ambient air pollution sett...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | JACC: Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25002054 |
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| author | Stephan P. Mayntz, MD, MPH, PhD Roda A. Mohamed, MD, PhD Anna Mejldal, PhD Jens-Jakob K. Møller, PhD Jes S. Lindholt, MD, DMSci Axel CP. Diederichsen, MD, PhD Lise M. Frohn, PhD Jørgen Brandt, PhD Matthias Ketzel, PhD Jibran Khan, PhD Jess Lambrechtsen, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Stephan P. Mayntz, MD, MPH, PhD Roda A. Mohamed, MD, PhD Anna Mejldal, PhD Jens-Jakob K. Møller, PhD Jes S. Lindholt, MD, DMSci Axel CP. Diederichsen, MD, PhD Lise M. Frohn, PhD Jørgen Brandt, PhD Matthias Ketzel, PhD Jibran Khan, PhD Jess Lambrechtsen, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Stephan P. Mayntz, MD, MPH, PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Air pollution and road traffic noise are major environmental stressors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although their independent effects are well-documented, few studies have concurrently evaluated their relative contributions—particularly in low ambient air pollution settings. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise and CVD. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the DANCAVAS (Danish Cardiovascular Screening Trial) (2014-2018) and VIVA (Viborg vascular) (2008-2010) screening trials, including 26,723 men aged 65 to 74 years with pollution exposure data from 1979 to 2019. Residential exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide, warm-season ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide) and road traffic noise (Lden) were estimated based on residential addresses using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model/Air Geographic Information System model and Nord2000. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for baseline inclusion year, individual-level lifestyle factors, family history of CVD, and socioeconomic status. Major adverse cardiovascular events was the primary outcome. Results: A 14.9 decibel increase in road traffic noise (IQR increment) was associated with a 7.5% higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR: 1.075; 95% CI: 1.026-1.128) and an 8.1% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.081; 95% CI: 1.027-1.137). No significant associations were found between air pollutants and the primary or secondary outcomes in the pooled cohort after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was significantly associated with increased CVD and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that studies that do not consider noise exposure may overestimate the cardiovascular burden attributed to air pollution. (Impact of Lifetime Exposure to Air and Noise Pollution on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality-the AIRCARD Study [AIRCARD]; NCT04353232) |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd0228f1402b4292b80d4b9c248fac3b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2772-963X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | JACC: Advances |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd0228f1402b4292b80d4b9c248fac3b2025-08-20T02:26:20ZengElsevierJACC: Advances2772-963X2025-06-014610178710.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101787Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARDStephan P. Mayntz, MD, MPH, PhD0Roda A. Mohamed, MD, PhD1Anna Mejldal, PhD2Jens-Jakob K. Møller, PhD3Jes S. Lindholt, MD, DMSci4Axel CP. Diederichsen, MD, PhD5Lise M. Frohn, PhD6Jørgen Brandt, PhD7Matthias Ketzel, PhD8Jibran Khan, PhD9Jess Lambrechtsen, MD, PhD10Cardiology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; OPEN – Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Address for correspondence: Dr Stephan Peronard Mayntz, Cardiology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Baagoes Alle 31, Svendborg 5700, Denmark.Cardiology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; OPEN – Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkOPEN – Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkOPEN – Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DenmarkDepartment of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DenmarkDepartment of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DenmarkDepartment of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DenmarkCardiology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Svendborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; OPEN – Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkBackground: Air pollution and road traffic noise are major environmental stressors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although their independent effects are well-documented, few studies have concurrently evaluated their relative contributions—particularly in low ambient air pollution settings. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise and CVD. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the DANCAVAS (Danish Cardiovascular Screening Trial) (2014-2018) and VIVA (Viborg vascular) (2008-2010) screening trials, including 26,723 men aged 65 to 74 years with pollution exposure data from 1979 to 2019. Residential exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide, warm-season ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide) and road traffic noise (Lden) were estimated based on residential addresses using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model/Urban Background Model/Air Geographic Information System model and Nord2000. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for baseline inclusion year, individual-level lifestyle factors, family history of CVD, and socioeconomic status. Major adverse cardiovascular events was the primary outcome. Results: A 14.9 decibel increase in road traffic noise (IQR increment) was associated with a 7.5% higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR: 1.075; 95% CI: 1.026-1.128) and an 8.1% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.081; 95% CI: 1.027-1.137). No significant associations were found between air pollutants and the primary or secondary outcomes in the pooled cohort after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was significantly associated with increased CVD and all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that studies that do not consider noise exposure may overestimate the cardiovascular burden attributed to air pollution. (Impact of Lifetime Exposure to Air and Noise Pollution on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality-the AIRCARD Study [AIRCARD]; NCT04353232)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25002054air pollutioncardiovascular disease riskenvironmental pollutionprospective cohort studyroad traffic noise |
| spellingShingle | Stephan P. Mayntz, MD, MPH, PhD Roda A. Mohamed, MD, PhD Anna Mejldal, PhD Jens-Jakob K. Møller, PhD Jes S. Lindholt, MD, DMSci Axel CP. Diederichsen, MD, PhD Lise M. Frohn, PhD Jørgen Brandt, PhD Matthias Ketzel, PhD Jibran Khan, PhD Jess Lambrechtsen, MD, PhD Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD JACC: Advances air pollution cardiovascular disease risk environmental pollution prospective cohort study road traffic noise |
| title | Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD |
| title_full | Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD |
| title_short | Long-Term Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollution, and Cardiovascular Disease AIRCARD |
| title_sort | long term road traffic noise air pollution and cardiovascular disease aircard |
| topic | air pollution cardiovascular disease risk environmental pollution prospective cohort study road traffic noise |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772963X25002054 |
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