Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions
<i>Andrographis paniculata</i> is a plant of the Acanthaceae family and its primary bioactive constituent, andrographolide, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and notable clinical efficacy. However, its poor solubility and limited bioavailability pose significant cha...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Zihong Li Lihao Yao Zhenjie Liu Liuping Wang Huini Ruan Yuanle Shen Peng Zhang Kaitong Li Honglan Wang Lili Fan Liangxing Tu Jianfang Feng |
| author_facet | Zihong Li Lihao Yao Zhenjie Liu Liuping Wang Huini Ruan Yuanle Shen Peng Zhang Kaitong Li Honglan Wang Lili Fan Liangxing Tu Jianfang Feng |
| author_sort | Zihong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> is a plant of the Acanthaceae family and its primary bioactive constituent, andrographolide, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and notable clinical efficacy. However, its poor solubility and limited bioavailability pose significant challenges for therapeutic applications. To overcome these limitations, researchers have synthesized andrographolide sulfonates by reacting andrographolide with ethanol and sulfuric acid. This sulfonated derivative significantly enhances water solubility and bioavailability while retaining key pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. As a representative formulation, Xiyanping injection has been widely employed in the treatment of respiratory infections, pneumonia, and related conditions, playing a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread application, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacological mechanisms. Additionally, the safety of Xiyanping injection remains a topic of some debate. This review systematically examines the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, clinical applications, and adverse reactions of andrographolide sulfonates and their formulation in Xiyanping injection to provide a scientific basis for further research and applications, while also offering valuable insights for the development of similar sulfonated drugs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dcfb628be5ba44b6958a6a710360a667 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-dcfb628be5ba44b6958a6a710360a6672025-08-20T02:03:28ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-01-0118218310.3390/ph18020183Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse ReactionsZihong Li0Lihao Yao1Zhenjie Liu2Liuping Wang3Huini Ruan4Yuanle Shen5Peng Zhang6Kaitong Li7Honglan Wang8Lili Fan9Liangxing Tu10Jianfang Feng11School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, ChinaNational Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, ChinaGuangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning 530020, China<i>Andrographis paniculata</i> is a plant of the Acanthaceae family and its primary bioactive constituent, andrographolide, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and notable clinical efficacy. However, its poor solubility and limited bioavailability pose significant challenges for therapeutic applications. To overcome these limitations, researchers have synthesized andrographolide sulfonates by reacting andrographolide with ethanol and sulfuric acid. This sulfonated derivative significantly enhances water solubility and bioavailability while retaining key pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. As a representative formulation, Xiyanping injection has been widely employed in the treatment of respiratory infections, pneumonia, and related conditions, playing a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread application, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacological mechanisms. Additionally, the safety of Xiyanping injection remains a topic of some debate. This review systematically examines the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, clinical applications, and adverse reactions of andrographolide sulfonates and their formulation in Xiyanping injection to provide a scientific basis for further research and applications, while also offering valuable insights for the development of similar sulfonated drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/183andrographolide sulfonatechemical compositionpharmacological activityclinical applicationadverse reactionanti-inflammatory |
| spellingShingle | Zihong Li Lihao Yao Zhenjie Liu Liuping Wang Huini Ruan Yuanle Shen Peng Zhang Kaitong Li Honglan Wang Lili Fan Liangxing Tu Jianfang Feng Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions Pharmaceuticals andrographolide sulfonate chemical composition pharmacological activity clinical application adverse reaction anti-inflammatory |
| title | Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions |
| title_full | Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions |
| title_fullStr | Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions |
| title_short | Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions |
| title_sort | andrographolide sulfonates and xiyanping a review of chemical composition pharmacological activities clinical applications and adverse reactions |
| topic | andrographolide sulfonate chemical composition pharmacological activity clinical application adverse reaction anti-inflammatory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/183 |
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