Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and its associated risk factors in preterm infants at the National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) department...

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Main Authors: Manisha Kumari, Mohsina Noor Ibrahim, Versha Rani Rai, Zubair Khoso, Roshia Parveen, Ajea Rani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dow University of Health Sciences 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences
Online Access:https://jduhs.jduhs.duhs.edu.pk/index.php/jduhs/article/view/2346
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author Manisha Kumari
Mohsina Noor Ibrahim
Versha Rani Rai
Zubair Khoso
Roshia Parveen
Ajea Rani
author_facet Manisha Kumari
Mohsina Noor Ibrahim
Versha Rani Rai
Zubair Khoso
Roshia Parveen
Ajea Rani
author_sort Manisha Kumari
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To determine the prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and its associated risk factors in preterm infants at the National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) department of NICH, Karachi, Pakistan from September 2020 to March 2021. The study included preterm infants with a gestational age under 32 weeks, admitted to the NICU at the NICH, Karachi. ROP was diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy following pupil dilation, performed by a trained ophthalmologist. Risk factors were assessed based on preterm infants' age, gestational age, residence, gender, maternal education, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), anemia, oxygen dependency duration, and mechanical ventilation. Results: Of total 310 preterm infants, the mean age was 5.73 ±1.49 days. There were 184 (59.3%) males and 126 (40.6%) females. ROP was observed in 139 (44.8%) preterm infants. Binary logistic regression indicated significantly increased ROP risk in infants of illiterate mothers (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 10.17, p-value 0.036), those with family income ≤ 45,000 rupees (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.40 to 9.76, p-value 0.008), and reduced risk in female infants (aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.31, p-value <0.001), infants on oxygen ≤ 4 days (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.12, p-value <0.001), and NICU stay ≤ 12 days (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Nearly half of the preterm neonates were affected by ROP, with contributing factors including maternal illiteracy, low family income, prolonged oxygen dependency, and extended NICU stays.
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spelling doaj-art-dce3f124760d43e1adc92adcb9c5d5b52024-12-17T08:44:14ZengDow University of Health SciencesJournal of the Dow University of Health Sciences1995-21982410-21802024-12-01183Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional StudyManisha Kumari0Mohsina Noor Ibrahim1Versha Rani Rai2Zubair Khoso3Roshia Parveen4Ajea Rani5National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and its associated risk factors in preterm infants at the National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) department of NICH, Karachi, Pakistan from September 2020 to March 2021. The study included preterm infants with a gestational age under 32 weeks, admitted to the NICU at the NICH, Karachi. ROP was diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy following pupil dilation, performed by a trained ophthalmologist. Risk factors were assessed based on preterm infants' age, gestational age, residence, gender, maternal education, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), anemia, oxygen dependency duration, and mechanical ventilation. Results: Of total 310 preterm infants, the mean age was 5.73 ±1.49 days. There were 184 (59.3%) males and 126 (40.6%) females. ROP was observed in 139 (44.8%) preterm infants. Binary logistic regression indicated significantly increased ROP risk in infants of illiterate mothers (aOR 3.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 10.17, p-value 0.036), those with family income ≤ 45,000 rupees (aOR 3.70, 95% CI 1.40 to 9.76, p-value 0.008), and reduced risk in female infants (aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.31, p-value <0.001), infants on oxygen ≤ 4 days (aOR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.12, p-value <0.001), and NICU stay ≤ 12 days (aOR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Nearly half of the preterm neonates were affected by ROP, with contributing factors including maternal illiteracy, low family income, prolonged oxygen dependency, and extended NICU stays. https://jduhs.jduhs.duhs.edu.pk/index.php/jduhs/article/view/2346
spellingShingle Manisha Kumari
Mohsina Noor Ibrahim
Versha Rani Rai
Zubair Khoso
Roshia Parveen
Ajea Rani
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of the Dow University of Health Sciences
title Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort prevalence and associated risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants a cross sectional study
url https://jduhs.jduhs.duhs.edu.pk/index.php/jduhs/article/view/2346
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