Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe
An important task for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine in modern conditions is the selection of crops capable of giving high productivity and profitability. A special role in this belongs to rapeseed, which has become a promising and competitive culture of Ukrain...
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Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/218 |
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| author | О. N. PRYSТАTSKА H. Ya. BІLОVUS О. А. VАSHCHYSHYN І. S. VОLОSHCHUK |
| author_facet | О. N. PRYSТАTSKА H. Ya. BІLОVUS О. А. VАSHCHYSHYN І. S. VОLОSHCHUK |
| author_sort | О. N. PRYSТАTSKА |
| collection | DOAJ |
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An important task for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine in modern conditions is the selection of crops capable of giving high productivity and profitability. A special role in this belongs to rapeseed, which has become a promising and competitive culture of Ukrainian farmers thanks to the demand for it in the EU countries and in the domestic market.
According to the biological and technological requirements, winter rape belongs to crops with an increased risk of cultivation. Significant increase in the area under this crop caused a rapid increase in the spread and damage of plant diseases, especially in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe.
According to the results of monitoring the phytosanitary condition of winter rape during 2016–2020, the greatest damage to these crops in the study area was caused by fungal diseases: alternariosis (Alternaria brassicae) and phomosis (Phoma lingam).
Alternariosis is the most common disease of rape, which is found in almost all regions where this crop is grown. The disease manifests itself on all above-ground organs of plants during the growing season and is especially dangerous during the period of crop formation. Due to the epiphytotic nature of the disease of winter rapeseed plants, it can significantly reduce the seed yield. Alternaria spreads significantly in wet weather and causes premature cracking of the pods.
Winter rape is also significantly damaged by phomosis (stem cancer), which is especially common in areas of high humidity. The disease can appear on seedlings and adult plants. External manifestations of phomosis can be very diverse: stem and root neck cancer, dry rot, leaf spotting, fruit damage.
Based on the results of the study, data on the development of alternariosis and phomosis of winter rape are given, depending on varietal characteristics and meteorological conditions.
Over the years of research on winter rapeseed varieties in 2016–2020, on the natural background of the lesion, the development of alternariosis in the flowering phase averaged 1.9–10.5 %, in the phase yellow-green pods – 12.3–32.8 %. The least development of this disease was noted on the varieties: Cheremosh, Anna, Dembo. The variety Smaraht was most affected by this pathogen.
The development of phomosis in the flowering phase on the natural background of the lesion was on average 0–4.9 %, in the yellow-green pod phase – 7.9–16.0 %. Anna and Dembo varieties in the flowering phase were not affected by this disease for four years, and Cheremosh for three. The least development of this disease in the yellow-green pod phase was noted on Anna and Dembo varieties.
The highest development of alternariosis and phomosis on winter rapeseed varieties was established in 2020, and the lowest in 2017 in the yellow-green pod phase under the influence of the weather conditions of those years.
Our research has confirmed that varietal features of winter rapeseed plants, as well as environmental conditions (air temperature and rainfall) are important factors that determine both the possibility of disease manifestation and its development.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dcd1a50aa53a4fbb8dd221b1c8712325 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0130-8521 2786-5231 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Publishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво |
| spelling | doaj-art-dcd1a50aa53a4fbb8dd221b1c87123252025-08-20T02:46:13ZengPublishing House of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAASПередгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво0130-85212786-52312023-03-0173110.32636/01308521.2023-(73)-1-1Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-SteppeО. N. PRYSТАTSKА 0H. Ya. BІLОVUS1О. А. VАSHCHYSHYN2І. S. VОLОSHCHUK3Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAASInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAASInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAASInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of NAAS An important task for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine in modern conditions is the selection of crops capable of giving high productivity and profitability. A special role in this belongs to rapeseed, which has become a promising and competitive culture of Ukrainian farmers thanks to the demand for it in the EU countries and in the domestic market. According to the biological and technological requirements, winter rape belongs to crops with an increased risk of cultivation. Significant increase in the area under this crop caused a rapid increase in the spread and damage of plant diseases, especially in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. According to the results of monitoring the phytosanitary condition of winter rape during 2016–2020, the greatest damage to these crops in the study area was caused by fungal diseases: alternariosis (Alternaria brassicae) and phomosis (Phoma lingam). Alternariosis is the most common disease of rape, which is found in almost all regions where this crop is grown. The disease manifests itself on all above-ground organs of plants during the growing season and is especially dangerous during the period of crop formation. Due to the epiphytotic nature of the disease of winter rapeseed plants, it can significantly reduce the seed yield. Alternaria spreads significantly in wet weather and causes premature cracking of the pods. Winter rape is also significantly damaged by phomosis (stem cancer), which is especially common in areas of high humidity. The disease can appear on seedlings and adult plants. External manifestations of phomosis can be very diverse: stem and root neck cancer, dry rot, leaf spotting, fruit damage. Based on the results of the study, data on the development of alternariosis and phomosis of winter rape are given, depending on varietal characteristics and meteorological conditions. Over the years of research on winter rapeseed varieties in 2016–2020, on the natural background of the lesion, the development of alternariosis in the flowering phase averaged 1.9–10.5 %, in the phase yellow-green pods – 12.3–32.8 %. The least development of this disease was noted on the varieties: Cheremosh, Anna, Dembo. The variety Smaraht was most affected by this pathogen. The development of phomosis in the flowering phase on the natural background of the lesion was on average 0–4.9 %, in the yellow-green pod phase – 7.9–16.0 %. Anna and Dembo varieties in the flowering phase were not affected by this disease for four years, and Cheremosh for three. The least development of this disease in the yellow-green pod phase was noted on Anna and Dembo varieties. The highest development of alternariosis and phomosis on winter rapeseed varieties was established in 2020, and the lowest in 2017 in the yellow-green pod phase under the influence of the weather conditions of those years. Our research has confirmed that varietal features of winter rapeseed plants, as well as environmental conditions (air temperature and rainfall) are important factors that determine both the possibility of disease manifestation and its development. https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/218ріпак озимийхворобиальтернаріозфомозсортстійкість |
| spellingShingle | О. N. PRYSТАTSKА H. Ya. BІLОVUS О. А. VАSHCHYSHYN І. S. VОLОSHCHUK Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe Передгірне та гірське землеробство і тваринництво ріпак озимий хвороби альтернаріоз фомоз сорт стійкість |
| title | Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe |
| title_full | Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe |
| title_fullStr | Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe |
| title_short | Features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe |
| title_sort | features of diseases of winter rape in the conditions of the western forest steppe |
| topic | ріпак озимий хвороби альтернаріоз фомоз сорт стійкість |
| url | https://journals.isgkr.science/index.php/phzt/article/view/218 |
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