<i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate <i>Brucella</i> seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to t...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Berhanu Sibhat Haileeyesus Adamu Teferi Benti Getachew Tuli Kassahun Asmare Johanna F. Lindahl Ulf Magnusson Tesfaye Sisay Tessema |
| author_facet | Berhanu Sibhat Haileeyesus Adamu Teferi Benti Getachew Tuli Kassahun Asmare Johanna F. Lindahl Ulf Magnusson Tesfaye Sisay Tessema |
| author_sort | Berhanu Sibhat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate <i>Brucella</i> seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to the disease. Data were collected from 2133 animals across 149 households (HHs) in Dubti and Amibara districts, Afar region, Ethiopia. Blood samples from livestock and household data were collected, and interviews were conducted on husbandry and dairy consumption practices. Sera were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity to anti-<i>Brucella</i> antibodies was 8% (95% CI, 6.6–9.2). The antibodies were found in 12.4%, 6.5%, 6%, and 3% of the goats, cattle, camels, and sheep, respectively. Among the HHs, 59.7% had at least one seropositive animal. A mixed-effects logistic regression analysis revealed species and the acquisition of new animals (in cattle and camels), and age and district (in sheep, goats, and cattle) as significant risk factors. Goats, cattle, and camels had significantly higher odds of <i>Brucella</i> seropositivity than sheep (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Seropositivity was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in adults than in young animals, in acquired than in homebred (cattle and camels), and in those with reproductive disorders than those without. Pastoralists lacked knowledge of brucellosis and its modes of transmission, while practices exposing humans and livestock to brucellosis were common. The findings underscore the need for public awareness campaigns and implementation of brucellosis control measures in pastoral systems. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-dccb1a4dcc714a10b86cb776b25089852025-08-20T02:01:24ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-12-01111262010.3390/vetsci11120620<i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern EthiopiaBerhanu Sibhat0Haileeyesus Adamu1Teferi Benti2Getachew Tuli3Kassahun Asmare4Johanna F. Lindahl5Ulf Magnusson6Tesfaye Sisay Tessema7Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, EthiopiaInstitute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, EthiopiaAnimal Health Institute, Sebeta P.O. Box 04, EthiopiaAnimal Health Institute, Sebeta P.O. Box 04, EthiopiaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 05, EthiopiaDivision of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, SwedenDivision of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, SwedenInstitute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, EthiopiaBrucellosis is a common zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans globally. The disease is endemic in Ethiopian livestock. This study was conducted to estimate <i>Brucella</i> seropositivity and identify its risk factors in livestock, and practices that may expose pastoralists to the disease. Data were collected from 2133 animals across 149 households (HHs) in Dubti and Amibara districts, Afar region, Ethiopia. Blood samples from livestock and household data were collected, and interviews were conducted on husbandry and dairy consumption practices. Sera were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity to anti-<i>Brucella</i> antibodies was 8% (95% CI, 6.6–9.2). The antibodies were found in 12.4%, 6.5%, 6%, and 3% of the goats, cattle, camels, and sheep, respectively. Among the HHs, 59.7% had at least one seropositive animal. A mixed-effects logistic regression analysis revealed species and the acquisition of new animals (in cattle and camels), and age and district (in sheep, goats, and cattle) as significant risk factors. Goats, cattle, and camels had significantly higher odds of <i>Brucella</i> seropositivity than sheep (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Seropositivity was significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in adults than in young animals, in acquired than in homebred (cattle and camels), and in those with reproductive disorders than those without. Pastoralists lacked knowledge of brucellosis and its modes of transmission, while practices exposing humans and livestock to brucellosis were common. The findings underscore the need for public awareness campaigns and implementation of brucellosis control measures in pastoral systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/620brucellosiscattlecamelgoatspastoral systemspublic awareness |
| spellingShingle | Berhanu Sibhat Haileeyesus Adamu Teferi Benti Getachew Tuli Kassahun Asmare Johanna F. Lindahl Ulf Magnusson Tesfaye Sisay Tessema <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia Veterinary Sciences brucellosis cattle camel goats pastoral systems public awareness |
| title | <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia |
| title_full | <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia |
| title_short | <i>Brucella</i> Seropositivity and Associated Risk Factors in Pastoral Livestock System in Northeastern Ethiopia |
| title_sort | i brucella i seropositivity and associated risk factors in pastoral livestock system in northeastern ethiopia |
| topic | brucellosis cattle camel goats pastoral systems public awareness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/620 |
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