Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization
Grape pomace (GP), the main by-product of the wine industry, represents a valuable source of bioactive metabolites with significant potential for valorization in the context of sustainable bioresource management. This study systematically characterizes the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, tot...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Teresa Abreu Rui Ferreira Paula C. Castilho José S. Câmara Juan Teixeira Rosa Perestrelo |
| author_facet | Teresa Abreu Rui Ferreira Paula C. Castilho José S. Câmara Juan Teixeira Rosa Perestrelo |
| author_sort | Teresa Abreu |
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| description | Grape pomace (GP), the main by-product of the wine industry, represents a valuable source of bioactive metabolites with significant potential for valorization in the context of sustainable bioresource management. This study systematically characterizes the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC) of GP derived from seven grape varieties across three consecutive vintages (2022–2024). White GP, particularly Verdelho and Sercial, exhibited a superior lipid quality with high concentrations of methyl linoleate (up to 1997 mg/100 g DW) and methyl oleate (up to 1294 mg/100 g DW), low atherogenic (AI < 0.05) and thrombogenic indices (TI ≤ 0.13), and elevated PUFA/SFA ratios (≥8.2). In contrast, red GP, especially from Complexa and Tinta Negra, demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential, with TPC values up to 6687 mgGAE/100 g DW, TFC up to 4624 mgQE/100 g DW, and antioxidant activities reaching 5399 mgTE/100 g (DPPH) and 7219 mgTE/100 g (ABTS). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, HCA) revealed distinct varietal and vintage-dependent clustering and identified key discriminant fatty acids, including linolenic acid (C18:3), lauric acid (C12:0), and arachidic acid (C20:0). These findings underscore the compositional diversity and functional potential of GP, reinforcing its suitability for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, in alignment with circular economy principles. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-dcc8f52def79423cadb95fcb5716083c2025-08-20T03:36:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015315010.3390/molecules30153150Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable ValorizationTeresa Abreu0Rui Ferreira1Paula C. Castilho2José S. Câmara3Juan Teixeira4Rosa Perestrelo5CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalCQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalCQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalCQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalParque Industrial da Cancela, Justino´s Madeira Wines, S.A., Caniço, 9125-042 Santa Cruz, PortugalCQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, PortugalGrape pomace (GP), the main by-product of the wine industry, represents a valuable source of bioactive metabolites with significant potential for valorization in the context of sustainable bioresource management. This study systematically characterizes the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC) of GP derived from seven grape varieties across three consecutive vintages (2022–2024). White GP, particularly Verdelho and Sercial, exhibited a superior lipid quality with high concentrations of methyl linoleate (up to 1997 mg/100 g DW) and methyl oleate (up to 1294 mg/100 g DW), low atherogenic (AI < 0.05) and thrombogenic indices (TI ≤ 0.13), and elevated PUFA/SFA ratios (≥8.2). In contrast, red GP, especially from Complexa and Tinta Negra, demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential, with TPC values up to 6687 mgGAE/100 g DW, TFC up to 4624 mgQE/100 g DW, and antioxidant activities reaching 5399 mgTE/100 g (DPPH) and 7219 mgTE/100 g (ABTS). Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, PLS-DA, HCA) revealed distinct varietal and vintage-dependent clustering and identified key discriminant fatty acids, including linolenic acid (C18:3), lauric acid (C12:0), and arachidic acid (C20:0). These findings underscore the compositional diversity and functional potential of GP, reinforcing its suitability for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics, in alignment with circular economy principles.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3150grape pomacefatty acid profileantioxidant activitycircular economynutraceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Teresa Abreu Rui Ferreira Paula C. Castilho José S. Câmara Juan Teixeira Rosa Perestrelo Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization Molecules grape pomace fatty acid profile antioxidant activity circular economy nutraceuticals |
| title | Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization |
| title_full | Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization |
| title_fullStr | Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization |
| title_short | Unlocking the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Grape Pomace: A Systematic Assessment Across Varieties and Vintages for Its Sustainable Valorization |
| title_sort | unlocking the fatty acid and antioxidant profile of grape pomace a systematic assessment across varieties and vintages for its sustainable valorization |
| topic | grape pomace fatty acid profile antioxidant activity circular economy nutraceuticals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3150 |
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