Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background: Classical music influences human physiology, such as the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), in healthy controls and during recovery from ischemic stroke. Aim of this prospective pilot-study was to investigate the effect of classical music on CBFV and other physiological parameters in p...

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Main Authors: Nicolas Eden, Marius Marc-Daniel Mader, Jan Bremer, Jennifer Sauvigny, Jörn Grensemann, Marlene Fischer, Nils Schweingruber, Jens Gempt, Patrick Czorlich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:IBRO Neuroscience Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242125000909
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author Nicolas Eden
Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
Jan Bremer
Jennifer Sauvigny
Jörn Grensemann
Marlene Fischer
Nils Schweingruber
Jens Gempt
Patrick Czorlich
author_facet Nicolas Eden
Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
Jan Bremer
Jennifer Sauvigny
Jörn Grensemann
Marlene Fischer
Nils Schweingruber
Jens Gempt
Patrick Czorlich
author_sort Nicolas Eden
collection DOAJ
description Background: Classical music influences human physiology, such as the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), in healthy controls and during recovery from ischemic stroke. Aim of this prospective pilot-study was to investigate the effect of classical music on CBFV and other physiological parameters in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Twenty patients with SAH were subjected to up to three interventions, in which the patients listened to W. A. Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor. In parallel, CBFV in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was continuously measured using transcranial Doppler (TCD). TCD values were averaged per minute, normalized, and analyzed with a mixed-effects linear regression model. In addition, other physiological and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Results: A total of 55 interventions were successfully carried out. The mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significant associations with both time (p < 0.001) and session (p = 0.002), specifically, with each minute of classical music played, there was a 0.3 % reduction in CBFV (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.4 %). Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) decreased by 0.1 % (95 % CI: −0.2–0.0 %; p = 0.043) 0.3 % (95 % CI: −0.6 % to −0.1 %; p = 0.001), respectively, per minute of exposure. Each additional session resulted in a reduction of HR by 4.3 % and RR by 22.3 % from the baseline at the start of the intervention to minute 25 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our pilot study shows only a very small effect of classical music such as Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor in patients with SAH.
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spelling doaj-art-dcbec065855c4cbdba42bb955d12fb232025-08-20T02:35:19ZengElsevierIBRO Neuroscience Reports2667-24212025-12-011919820410.1016/j.ibneur.2025.06.008Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageNicolas Eden0Marius Marc-Daniel Mader1Jan Bremer2Jennifer Sauvigny3Jörn Grensemann4Marlene Fischer5Nils Schweingruber6Jens Gempt7Patrick Czorlich8Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Correspondence to: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Neurosurgery, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.Background: Classical music influences human physiology, such as the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), in healthy controls and during recovery from ischemic stroke. Aim of this prospective pilot-study was to investigate the effect of classical music on CBFV and other physiological parameters in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Twenty patients with SAH were subjected to up to three interventions, in which the patients listened to W. A. Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor. In parallel, CBFV in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was continuously measured using transcranial Doppler (TCD). TCD values were averaged per minute, normalized, and analyzed with a mixed-effects linear regression model. In addition, other physiological and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Results: A total of 55 interventions were successfully carried out. The mixed-effects linear regression model revealed significant associations with both time (p < 0.001) and session (p = 0.002), specifically, with each minute of classical music played, there was a 0.3 % reduction in CBFV (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.2–0.4 %). Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) decreased by 0.1 % (95 % CI: −0.2–0.0 %; p = 0.043) 0.3 % (95 % CI: −0.6 % to −0.1 %; p = 0.001), respectively, per minute of exposure. Each additional session resulted in a reduction of HR by 4.3 % and RR by 22.3 % from the baseline at the start of the intervention to minute 25 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our pilot study shows only a very small effect of classical music such as Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor in patients with SAH.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242125000909subarachnoid hemorrhagephysiological effectsvasospasmclassical musicMozart
spellingShingle Nicolas Eden
Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
Jan Bremer
Jennifer Sauvigny
Jörn Grensemann
Marlene Fischer
Nils Schweingruber
Jens Gempt
Patrick Czorlich
Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
IBRO Neuroscience Reports
subarachnoid hemorrhage
physiological effects
vasospasm
classical music
Mozart
title Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
title_full Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
title_fullStr Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
title_full_unstemmed Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
title_short Mozart for the brain - a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
title_sort mozart for the brain a pilot study on physiological effects of auditive stimulation in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
topic subarachnoid hemorrhage
physiological effects
vasospasm
classical music
Mozart
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242125000909
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