Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling

Abstract Criminal behavior poses a significant threat to social security and public health, with notable psychological differences between violent and non-violent offenders. However, current research lacks a systematic investigation into multidimensional psychological variables and their interaction...

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Main Authors: Wang-Cheng Cen, Cheng-Han Li, Yu-Hao Cui, Wen-Jing Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025-06-01
Series:Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05310-z
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author Wang-Cheng Cen
Cheng-Han Li
Yu-Hao Cui
Wen-Jing Yan
author_facet Wang-Cheng Cen
Cheng-Han Li
Yu-Hao Cui
Wen-Jing Yan
author_sort Wang-Cheng Cen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Criminal behavior poses a significant threat to social security and public health, with notable psychological differences between violent and non-violent offenders. However, current research lacks a systematic investigation into multidimensional psychological variables and their interactions. This study explored differences in key psychological variables and their interactions between violent and non-violent offenders using network analysis and Bayesian network modeling. Psychological assessments were conducted on 749 male incarcerated individuals (335 violent, 414 non-violent offenders), covering impulsivity, personality traits, mindfulness, reinforcement sensitivity, childhood trauma, moral disengagement, criminal cognition, and risk attitudes. Results indicated mindfulness significantly influenced neuroticism and openness in non-violent offenders but not in violent offenders. Reinforcement sensitivity had a stronger impact on neuroticism among violent offenders. Criminal cognition significantly affected risk-taking via moral disengagement, with different pathways between groups. In non-violent offenders, criminal cognition was negatively moderated by agreeableness and positively related to reinforcement sensitivity; these effects were absent in violent offenders. This study highlights distinct psychological pathways between offender types, suggesting mindfulness-based interventions for non-violent offenders and emotional regulation training for violent offenders, providing practical implications for correctional interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-dcb6fc02a17d4c20819a15e115bd78712025-08-20T03:31:42ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922025-06-0112111010.1057/s41599-025-05310-zPsychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modelingWang-Cheng Cen0Cheng-Han Li1Yu-Hao Cui2Wen-Jing Yan3 School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical UniversityThird Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Criminal behavior poses a significant threat to social security and public health, with notable psychological differences between violent and non-violent offenders. However, current research lacks a systematic investigation into multidimensional psychological variables and their interactions. This study explored differences in key psychological variables and their interactions between violent and non-violent offenders using network analysis and Bayesian network modeling. Psychological assessments were conducted on 749 male incarcerated individuals (335 violent, 414 non-violent offenders), covering impulsivity, personality traits, mindfulness, reinforcement sensitivity, childhood trauma, moral disengagement, criminal cognition, and risk attitudes. Results indicated mindfulness significantly influenced neuroticism and openness in non-violent offenders but not in violent offenders. Reinforcement sensitivity had a stronger impact on neuroticism among violent offenders. Criminal cognition significantly affected risk-taking via moral disengagement, with different pathways between groups. In non-violent offenders, criminal cognition was negatively moderated by agreeableness and positively related to reinforcement sensitivity; these effects were absent in violent offenders. This study highlights distinct psychological pathways between offender types, suggesting mindfulness-based interventions for non-violent offenders and emotional regulation training for violent offenders, providing practical implications for correctional interventions.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05310-z
spellingShingle Wang-Cheng Cen
Cheng-Han Li
Yu-Hao Cui
Wen-Jing Yan
Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
title Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
title_full Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
title_fullStr Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
title_full_unstemmed Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
title_short Psychological pathways of violent and non-violent criminals: an exploration combining network analysis and Bayesian modeling
title_sort psychological pathways of violent and non violent criminals an exploration combining network analysis and bayesian modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05310-z
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