A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams

Abstract The objective of seepage pressure monitoring of earth and rock dams is to predict seepage pressure in order to avoid potential risks. However, existing models for predicting seepage pressure in earth and rock dams do not account for the numerous nonlinearities between seepage pressure and t...

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Main Authors: Hanqiu Chen, Kui Wang, Mingjie Zhao, Yongjiang Chen, Yujie He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96936-1
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author Hanqiu Chen
Kui Wang
Mingjie Zhao
Yongjiang Chen
Yujie He
author_facet Hanqiu Chen
Kui Wang
Mingjie Zhao
Yongjiang Chen
Yujie He
author_sort Hanqiu Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The objective of seepage pressure monitoring of earth and rock dams is to predict seepage pressure in order to avoid potential risks. However, existing models for predicting seepage pressure in earth and rock dams do not account for the numerous nonlinearities between seepage pressure and the factors that influence it. These models lack the accuracy and generalizability required for effective risk management. In order to address this issue, this paper puts forth a methodology for the prediction of seepage pressure in earth and rock dams. This methodology is based on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), and an attention mechanism. The method initially normalizes each influence factor and divides the dataset. Subsequently, it employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract features from the data. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are particularly adept at handling non-smooth time series data, enabling the capture of the deep information embedded within seepage pressure data. Furthermore, the introduction of attention mechanisms allows for the extraction of key information, ultimately enhancing the prediction accuracy and stability. The analysis of engineering examples demonstrates that, in comparison with the single CNN-LSTM, LSTM, Transformer, and BP models, the MAE, MAPE, and RMSE of the proposed method in this paper at two measurement points are the smallest among the four models. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to the other three prediction models, the method exhibits superior prediction accuracy and enhanced stability, is capable of discerning the local variation characteristics of seepage pressure data, exhibits enhanced robustness, and provides a novel approach for accurate prediction and analysis of seepage pressure in earth and rock dams.
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spelling doaj-art-dcae691cd67e4e77a76540724a370a992025-08-20T02:24:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-96936-1A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock damsHanqiu Chen0Kui Wang1Mingjie Zhao2Yongjiang Chen3Yujie He4Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis Technology and Instruments of Hydro-Construction, Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityEngineering Research Center of Diagnosis Technology and Instruments of Hydro-Construction, Chongqing Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyEngineering Research Center of Diagnosis Technology and Instruments of Hydro-Construction, Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityEngineering Research Center of Diagnosis Technology and Instruments of Hydro-Construction, Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityAbstract The objective of seepage pressure monitoring of earth and rock dams is to predict seepage pressure in order to avoid potential risks. However, existing models for predicting seepage pressure in earth and rock dams do not account for the numerous nonlinearities between seepage pressure and the factors that influence it. These models lack the accuracy and generalizability required for effective risk management. In order to address this issue, this paper puts forth a methodology for the prediction of seepage pressure in earth and rock dams. This methodology is based on the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), and an attention mechanism. The method initially normalizes each influence factor and divides the dataset. Subsequently, it employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract features from the data. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are particularly adept at handling non-smooth time series data, enabling the capture of the deep information embedded within seepage pressure data. Furthermore, the introduction of attention mechanisms allows for the extraction of key information, ultimately enhancing the prediction accuracy and stability. The analysis of engineering examples demonstrates that, in comparison with the single CNN-LSTM, LSTM, Transformer, and BP models, the MAE, MAPE, and RMSE of the proposed method in this paper at two measurement points are the smallest among the four models. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to the other three prediction models, the method exhibits superior prediction accuracy and enhanced stability, is capable of discerning the local variation characteristics of seepage pressure data, exhibits enhanced robustness, and provides a novel approach for accurate prediction and analysis of seepage pressure in earth and rock dams.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96936-1Earth and rock damsSeepage pressure predictionConvolutional Neural NetworksLong and Short-Term Memory networksAttention mechanisms
spellingShingle Hanqiu Chen
Kui Wang
Mingjie Zhao
Yongjiang Chen
Yujie He
A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
Scientific Reports
Earth and rock dams
Seepage pressure prediction
Convolutional Neural Networks
Long and Short-Term Memory networks
Attention mechanisms
title A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
title_full A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
title_fullStr A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
title_full_unstemmed A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
title_short A CNN-LSTM-attention based seepage pressure prediction method for Earth and rock dams
title_sort cnn lstm attention based seepage pressure prediction method for earth and rock dams
topic Earth and rock dams
Seepage pressure prediction
Convolutional Neural Networks
Long and Short-Term Memory networks
Attention mechanisms
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96936-1
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