Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Palatal rugae are uneven, asymmetrical ridges of the mucous membrane that stretch laterally from the anterior one-third of the mid-palatine raphe to the incisive papilla. Rugae are generally unique and stable, suggesting applications in forensics and orthodontics. During the early stag...

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Main Authors: Kashish Kariya, KT Magesh, Ramya Mahalingam, M Sathya Kumar, R Aravindhan, A Sivachandran, R Swaathi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
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Online Access:https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20712/76399_CE[Ra1]_F(KR)_QC(PS_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo(SL)_PFA(IS)_PB(JY_IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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author Kashish Kariya
KT Magesh
Ramya Mahalingam
M Sathya Kumar
R Aravindhan
A Sivachandran
R Swaathi
author_facet Kashish Kariya
KT Magesh
Ramya Mahalingam
M Sathya Kumar
R Aravindhan
A Sivachandran
R Swaathi
author_sort Kashish Kariya
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Palatal rugae are uneven, asymmetrical ridges of the mucous membrane that stretch laterally from the anterior one-third of the mid-palatine raphe to the incisive papilla. Rugae are generally unique and stable, suggesting applications in forensics and orthodontics. During the early stages of intrauterine life, the formation of palatal rugae is completed, while dental malocclusion in the permanent teeth develops several years after birth. The objective of the present study was to identify the length, number and orientation of palatal rugae in various malocclusion groups. Aim: To investigate potential correlations between Angle’s classification of malocclusion and the palatal rugae pattern. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. Data was collected from the years 2021 to 2024 and data analysis was done from October 2023 to April 2024. Study was carried out on 105 archival pretreatment dental casts, ranging in age from 18-35 years. The samples were categorised into class I, class II and class III according to Angle’s system of malocclusion. Bilaterally, the three most prominent anterior primary rugae were counted, and their pattern, length and orientation were noted. STATA 17 software was used for data analysis. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age of the study group was 26.5±23.64 years. According to mean±SD length of rugae significantly more (p-value <0.05) primary rugae were found in class I (1.39±1.34 mm) compared to class II (0.59±1.17 mm) and class III (0.5±0.97 mm). Both wavy and curved patterns showed statistical significance with the type of malocclusion (wavy: p-value=0.0001 and curved: p-value=0.0013) when compared to the straight pattern (p-value=0.1498). Regarding the mode of orientation, converging (0.39±0.6) and diverging (0.29±0.52) patterns were found to be statistically insignificant among the three classes of malocclusion. Conclusion: The study demonstrated slight variations in the palatal rugae pattern between Angle’s malocclusion classes. An additional finding that differed significantly among the malocclusion groups was the length of the rugae. However, the results did not reveal a specific pattern that is unique to any one type of malocclusion.
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spelling doaj-art-dca02ccbcf6c46169393e8aa6261a21c2025-08-20T02:09:22ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2025-03-01193061010.7860/JCDR/2025/76399.20712Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional StudyKashish Kariya0KT Magesh1Ramya Mahalingam2M Sathya Kumar3R Aravindhan4A Sivachandran5R Swaathi6Undergraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Vice-Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Research Scholar, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Associate Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.Introduction: Palatal rugae are uneven, asymmetrical ridges of the mucous membrane that stretch laterally from the anterior one-third of the mid-palatine raphe to the incisive papilla. Rugae are generally unique and stable, suggesting applications in forensics and orthodontics. During the early stages of intrauterine life, the formation of palatal rugae is completed, while dental malocclusion in the permanent teeth develops several years after birth. The objective of the present study was to identify the length, number and orientation of palatal rugae in various malocclusion groups. Aim: To investigate potential correlations between Angle’s classification of malocclusion and the palatal rugae pattern. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. Data was collected from the years 2021 to 2024 and data analysis was done from October 2023 to April 2024. Study was carried out on 105 archival pretreatment dental casts, ranging in age from 18-35 years. The samples were categorised into class I, class II and class III according to Angle’s system of malocclusion. Bilaterally, the three most prominent anterior primary rugae were counted, and their pattern, length and orientation were noted. STATA 17 software was used for data analysis. Results: The mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age of the study group was 26.5±23.64 years. According to mean±SD length of rugae significantly more (p-value <0.05) primary rugae were found in class I (1.39±1.34 mm) compared to class II (0.59±1.17 mm) and class III (0.5±0.97 mm). Both wavy and curved patterns showed statistical significance with the type of malocclusion (wavy: p-value=0.0001 and curved: p-value=0.0013) when compared to the straight pattern (p-value=0.1498). Regarding the mode of orientation, converging (0.39±0.6) and diverging (0.29±0.52) patterns were found to be statistically insignificant among the three classes of malocclusion. Conclusion: The study demonstrated slight variations in the palatal rugae pattern between Angle’s malocclusion classes. An additional finding that differed significantly among the malocclusion groups was the length of the rugae. However, the results did not reveal a specific pattern that is unique to any one type of malocclusion.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20712/76399_CE[Ra1]_F(KR)_QC(PS_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo(SL)_PFA(IS)_PB(JY_IS)_PN(IS).pdfcast modelsdental malocclusionsorthodonticspalatal rugaerugoscopy
spellingShingle Kashish Kariya
KT Magesh
Ramya Mahalingam
M Sathya Kumar
R Aravindhan
A Sivachandran
R Swaathi
Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
cast models
dental malocclusions
orthodontics
palatal rugae
rugoscopy
title Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
title_full Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
title_fullStr Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
title_short Analysis of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion using Dental Casts in Chengalpattu District, Southern India: A Cross-sectional Study
title_sort analysis of palatal rugae pattern in angle s classification of malocclusion using dental casts in chengalpattu district southern india a cross sectional study
topic cast models
dental malocclusions
orthodontics
palatal rugae
rugoscopy
url https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20712/76399_CE[Ra1]_F(KR)_QC(PS_IS)_PF1(JY_SS)_redo(SL)_PFA(IS)_PB(JY_IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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