Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils

This study investigates rainfall-induced slope instability in fine-grained clayey soils through a probabilistic and sensitivity analysis framework that integrates spatial variability. Moving beyond traditional deterministic methods, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to quantify uncertainty in ge...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Samuel A. Espinosa Fuentes, M. Hesham El Naggar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Geotechnics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/5/2/31
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849433121023328256
author Samuel A. Espinosa Fuentes
M. Hesham El Naggar
author_facet Samuel A. Espinosa Fuentes
M. Hesham El Naggar
author_sort Samuel A. Espinosa Fuentes
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates rainfall-induced slope instability in fine-grained clayey soils through a probabilistic and sensitivity analysis framework that integrates spatial variability. Moving beyond traditional deterministic methods, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to quantify uncertainty in geotechnical parameters—unit weight, cohesion, and friction angle—modeled as random fields with a 1 m spatial resolution. This approach realistically captures natural soil heterogeneity and its influence on slope behavior during rainfall events. Transient seepage and slope stability analyses were performed using SEEP/W and SLOPE/W, respectively, with the Spencer method ensuring full equilibrium. This study examined how slope height, inclination, rainfall intensity and duration, and soil properties affect the factor of safety (FS). The results showed that higher rainfall intensity and longer durations significantly increase failure risk. For example, under 9 mm/h rainfall for 48 h, slopes taller than 10 m at 45° inclination exhibited failure probabilities over 30%. At 20 m, FS dropped to 0.68 with a 100% probability of failure. Sensitivity analysis confirmed cohesion and friction angle as key stabilizing factors, though their impact diminishes with infiltration. A dataset of 9984 slope scenarios was generated, supporting future machine learning applications for risk assessment and climate-resilient slope design.
format Article
id doaj-art-dc9b9d1c2d2a41a6a78c468e03dcbfd9
institution Kabale University
issn 2673-7094
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Geotechnics
spelling doaj-art-dc9b9d1c2d2a41a6a78c468e03dcbfd92025-08-20T03:27:10ZengMDPI AGGeotechnics2673-70942025-05-01523110.3390/geotechnics5020031Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey SoilsSamuel A. Espinosa Fuentes0M. Hesham El Naggar1Geotechnical Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaGeotechnical Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, CanadaThis study investigates rainfall-induced slope instability in fine-grained clayey soils through a probabilistic and sensitivity analysis framework that integrates spatial variability. Moving beyond traditional deterministic methods, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to quantify uncertainty in geotechnical parameters—unit weight, cohesion, and friction angle—modeled as random fields with a 1 m spatial resolution. This approach realistically captures natural soil heterogeneity and its influence on slope behavior during rainfall events. Transient seepage and slope stability analyses were performed using SEEP/W and SLOPE/W, respectively, with the Spencer method ensuring full equilibrium. This study examined how slope height, inclination, rainfall intensity and duration, and soil properties affect the factor of safety (FS). The results showed that higher rainfall intensity and longer durations significantly increase failure risk. For example, under 9 mm/h rainfall for 48 h, slopes taller than 10 m at 45° inclination exhibited failure probabilities over 30%. At 20 m, FS dropped to 0.68 with a 100% probability of failure. Sensitivity analysis confirmed cohesion and friction angle as key stabilizing factors, though their impact diminishes with infiltration. A dataset of 9984 slope scenarios was generated, supporting future machine learning applications for risk assessment and climate-resilient slope design.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/5/2/31slope stabilityprobabilistic studysensitivity studyrainfalllandslide
spellingShingle Samuel A. Espinosa Fuentes
M. Hesham El Naggar
Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
Geotechnics
slope stability
probabilistic study
sensitivity study
rainfall
landslide
title Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
title_full Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
title_fullStr Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
title_full_unstemmed Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
title_short Uncertainty Analysis and Quantification of Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in Fine-Grained Clayey Soils
title_sort uncertainty analysis and quantification of rainfall induced slope instability in fine grained clayey soils
topic slope stability
probabilistic study
sensitivity study
rainfall
landslide
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/5/2/31
work_keys_str_mv AT samuelaespinosafuentes uncertaintyanalysisandquantificationofrainfallinducedslopeinstabilityinfinegrainedclayeysoils
AT mheshamelnaggar uncertaintyanalysisandquantificationofrainfallinducedslopeinstabilityinfinegrainedclayeysoils