Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis
The degradation of air quality is as a prominent socio-environmental challenge. The present study investigated the impacts of extended exposure to smog on the behavioral, immunological, and histopathological profiles among in healthy male rats. Study also explores the impact of smog exposure on the...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025012587 |
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| author | Muhammad Imran Khan Arshia Amin Wasim Sajjad Yousef Abdullah M Bin Jardan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Imran Khan Arshia Amin Wasim Sajjad Yousef Abdullah M Bin Jardan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Imran Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The degradation of air quality is as a prominent socio-environmental challenge. The present study investigated the impacts of extended exposure to smog on the behavioral, immunological, and histopathological profiles among in healthy male rats. Study also explores the impact of smog exposure on the microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in rat lung tissues, employing metagenomic analysis. The research utilized an experimental design with two groups, each comprising 12 rats. Group I, identified as the control group, was further divided into subgroups (A-Islamabad & B-Lahore) and placed in a smog-free environment. Group II, the test group, was also subdivided into subgroups (A-Islamabad & B-Lahore) and exposed to a smog-laden atmosphere for a 60-day duration. Subsequently, the rats were humanely euthanized through cervical dislocation for an in-depth histopathological analysis of lung tissues. Behavioral assessments included the open field test, evaluating locomotion, anxiety, and exploratory tendencies. The Y-maze test assessed spontaneous alternation and working memory. Immunological analyses involved the collection of blood samples for the assessment of levels of CD4 and CD8, providing insights into oxidative stress. Lung tissues were meticulously separated for subsequent histopathological examination. Metagenomic analysis of smog-exposed rat lung tissues reveal antibiotic resistant gene profiles. The results of the present study suggested potential alteration in behavior, immunological, and histopathology induced by prolonged smog exposure in healthy male rats. Results reveal a diverse microbial community with concerning implications for antibiotic resistance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc9a26ea2d2e4bbc830e98de6e13e579 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc9a26ea2d2e4bbc830e98de6e13e5792025-08-20T02:59:50ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-03-01115e4287710.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42877Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysisMuhammad Imran Khan0Arshia Amin1Wasim Sajjad2Yousef Abdullah M Bin Jardan3Capital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, PakistanCapital University of Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan; Corresponding author.National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Saudi ArabiaThe degradation of air quality is as a prominent socio-environmental challenge. The present study investigated the impacts of extended exposure to smog on the behavioral, immunological, and histopathological profiles among in healthy male rats. Study also explores the impact of smog exposure on the microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in rat lung tissues, employing metagenomic analysis. The research utilized an experimental design with two groups, each comprising 12 rats. Group I, identified as the control group, was further divided into subgroups (A-Islamabad & B-Lahore) and placed in a smog-free environment. Group II, the test group, was also subdivided into subgroups (A-Islamabad & B-Lahore) and exposed to a smog-laden atmosphere for a 60-day duration. Subsequently, the rats were humanely euthanized through cervical dislocation for an in-depth histopathological analysis of lung tissues. Behavioral assessments included the open field test, evaluating locomotion, anxiety, and exploratory tendencies. The Y-maze test assessed spontaneous alternation and working memory. Immunological analyses involved the collection of blood samples for the assessment of levels of CD4 and CD8, providing insights into oxidative stress. Lung tissues were meticulously separated for subsequent histopathological examination. Metagenomic analysis of smog-exposed rat lung tissues reveal antibiotic resistant gene profiles. The results of the present study suggested potential alteration in behavior, immunological, and histopathology induced by prolonged smog exposure in healthy male rats. Results reveal a diverse microbial community with concerning implications for antibiotic resistance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025012587SmogHealth hazardsImmune systemBehavioral studiesHistopathologyARGs |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Imran Khan Arshia Amin Wasim Sajjad Yousef Abdullah M Bin Jardan Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis Heliyon Smog Health hazards Immune system Behavioral studies Histopathology ARGs |
| title | Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis |
| title_full | Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis |
| title_short | Understanding Smog's impact on healthy male rat physiology: A multi-dimensional analysis |
| title_sort | understanding smog s impact on healthy male rat physiology a multi dimensional analysis |
| topic | Smog Health hazards Immune system Behavioral studies Histopathology ARGs |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025012587 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT muhammadimrankhan understandingsmogsimpactonhealthymaleratphysiologyamultidimensionalanalysis AT arshiaamin understandingsmogsimpactonhealthymaleratphysiologyamultidimensionalanalysis AT wasimsajjad understandingsmogsimpactonhealthymaleratphysiologyamultidimensionalanalysis AT yousefabdullahmbinjardan understandingsmogsimpactonhealthymaleratphysiologyamultidimensionalanalysis |