High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine

Abstract Background The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has placed extraordinary pressure on hospitals there. One consequence of this has been the alarming increase in infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs), both within Ukraine and among the Ukrainian diaspora. The original...

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Main Authors: Francois Lebreton, Viacheslav Kondratiuk, Valentyn Kovalchuk, Niels Pfennigwerth, Ting L. Luo, Brendan T. Jones, Nadiia Fomina, Frieder Fuchs, Jörg B. Hans, Jessica Eisfeld, Ana Ong, Sören Gatermann, Jason W. Bennett, Patrick Mc Gann
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Genome Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01500-1
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author Francois Lebreton
Viacheslav Kondratiuk
Valentyn Kovalchuk
Niels Pfennigwerth
Ting L. Luo
Brendan T. Jones
Nadiia Fomina
Frieder Fuchs
Jörg B. Hans
Jessica Eisfeld
Ana Ong
Sören Gatermann
Jason W. Bennett
Patrick Mc Gann
author_facet Francois Lebreton
Viacheslav Kondratiuk
Valentyn Kovalchuk
Niels Pfennigwerth
Ting L. Luo
Brendan T. Jones
Nadiia Fomina
Frieder Fuchs
Jörg B. Hans
Jessica Eisfeld
Ana Ong
Sören Gatermann
Jason W. Bennett
Patrick Mc Gann
author_sort Francois Lebreton
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has placed extraordinary pressure on hospitals there. One consequence of this has been the alarming increase in infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs), both within Ukraine and among the Ukrainian diaspora. The original source of these MDROs remains obscure although nosocomial origin is suspected. Here, we analyzed a collection of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from Ukraine before and after the invasion to glean a greater understanding of their relationship and origins. Methods Genomic analysis was conducted on 167 A. baumannii and 93 P. aeruginosa cultured from 223 Ukrainian patients hospitalized in Ukraine or other European countries. Fifty-three isolates were cultured between 2014 and 2021, prior to the invasion, and the remaining 207 after. Results Highly genetically related extensively-drug resistant (XDR) clones were identified that spanned the pre- and post-invasion periods. For A. baumannii, isolates encompassed three sequence types (STs), including carbapenemase-producing strains from ST-2 (bla OXA-23) and ST-78 (bla OXA-72), as well as ST-400 carrying the ESBL bla GES-11. For P. aeruginosa, isolates encompassed three STs: ST-773 carrying bla NDM-1, ST-1047 carrying bla IMP-1, and ST-244. For all, the mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase carriage were fully characterized. Notably, post-invasion ST-773 and ST-1047 P. aeruginosa had a signature of host adaptation with multiple loss-of-function mutations in the quorum-sensing regulator LasR, known to modulate immune responses and provide survival advantages in animal models of infection. Conclusions XDR epidemic clones circulating in Ukraine and across Europe since 2022 share a close genetic relationship to historical strains from Ukraine. In some cases, direct links to medical facilities within Ukraine can be inferred. These data suggest that surveillance efforts should focus on tracking nosocomial transmission within Ukrainian hospitals while infection control efforts are being disrupted by the ongoing Russian invasion.
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spelling doaj-art-dc8eab844c4f4b2fb954a009e1b6bfe32025-08-20T03:37:38ZengBMCGenome Medicine1756-994X2025-07-0117111410.1186/s13073-025-01500-1High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of UkraineFrancois Lebreton0Viacheslav Kondratiuk1Valentyn Kovalchuk2Niels Pfennigwerth3Ting L. Luo4Brendan T. Jones5Nadiia Fomina6Frieder Fuchs7Jörg B. Hans8Jessica Eisfeld9Ana Ong10Sören Gatermann11Jason W. Bennett12Patrick Mc Gann13Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchDepartment of Emergency and Military Medicine, National Pirogov Memorial Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical UniversityNational Reference Centre for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University BochumMultidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchMultidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchDepartment of Microbiology, National Pirogov Memorial Medical UniversityDepartment of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital KoblenzNational Reference Centre for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University BochumNational Reference Centre for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University BochumMultidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchNational Reference Centre for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University BochumMultidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchMultidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchAbstract Background The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has placed extraordinary pressure on hospitals there. One consequence of this has been the alarming increase in infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs), both within Ukraine and among the Ukrainian diaspora. The original source of these MDROs remains obscure although nosocomial origin is suspected. Here, we analyzed a collection of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from Ukraine before and after the invasion to glean a greater understanding of their relationship and origins. Methods Genomic analysis was conducted on 167 A. baumannii and 93 P. aeruginosa cultured from 223 Ukrainian patients hospitalized in Ukraine or other European countries. Fifty-three isolates were cultured between 2014 and 2021, prior to the invasion, and the remaining 207 after. Results Highly genetically related extensively-drug resistant (XDR) clones were identified that spanned the pre- and post-invasion periods. For A. baumannii, isolates encompassed three sequence types (STs), including carbapenemase-producing strains from ST-2 (bla OXA-23) and ST-78 (bla OXA-72), as well as ST-400 carrying the ESBL bla GES-11. For P. aeruginosa, isolates encompassed three STs: ST-773 carrying bla NDM-1, ST-1047 carrying bla IMP-1, and ST-244. For all, the mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase carriage were fully characterized. Notably, post-invasion ST-773 and ST-1047 P. aeruginosa had a signature of host adaptation with multiple loss-of-function mutations in the quorum-sensing regulator LasR, known to modulate immune responses and provide survival advantages in animal models of infection. Conclusions XDR epidemic clones circulating in Ukraine and across Europe since 2022 share a close genetic relationship to historical strains from Ukraine. In some cases, direct links to medical facilities within Ukraine can be inferred. These data suggest that surveillance efforts should focus on tracking nosocomial transmission within Ukrainian hospitals while infection control efforts are being disrupted by the ongoing Russian invasion.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01500-1A. baumanniiP. aeruginosaSurveillanceCarbapenem resistanceNosocomial outbreakMicrobial genomics
spellingShingle Francois Lebreton
Viacheslav Kondratiuk
Valentyn Kovalchuk
Niels Pfennigwerth
Ting L. Luo
Brendan T. Jones
Nadiia Fomina
Frieder Fuchs
Jörg B. Hans
Jessica Eisfeld
Ana Ong
Sören Gatermann
Jason W. Bennett
Patrick Mc Gann
High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
Genome Medicine
A. baumannii
P. aeruginosa
Surveillance
Carbapenem resistance
Nosocomial outbreak
Microbial genomics
title High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
title_full High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
title_fullStr High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
title_full_unstemmed High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
title_short High genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine
title_sort high genetic relatedness between multidrug resistant bacteria before and after the 2022 invasion of ukraine
topic A. baumannii
P. aeruginosa
Surveillance
Carbapenem resistance
Nosocomial outbreak
Microbial genomics
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01500-1
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