Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties
This study employed response surface methodology for the first-time optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the total phenolic content (TPC) and ABTS from edible lichens, including <i>Evernia divaricata</i>, <i>Evernia prunastri</i>, <i>Pseudevernia...
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2025-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| author | Kubra Ozkan Hatice Bekiroglu Nur Cebi Fatih Bozkurt Sevda Dere Hilmi Ozdemir Muhammet Arici Salih Karasu Osman Sagdic |
| author_facet | Kubra Ozkan Hatice Bekiroglu Nur Cebi Fatih Bozkurt Sevda Dere Hilmi Ozdemir Muhammet Arici Salih Karasu Osman Sagdic |
| author_sort | Kubra Ozkan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study employed response surface methodology for the first-time optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the total phenolic content (TPC) and ABTS from edible lichens, including <i>Evernia divaricata</i>, <i>Evernia prunastri</i>, <i>Pseudevernia furfuracea</i>, <i>Bryoria fuscescens</i>, and <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i>. Fourteen experimental points were generated using Design Expert Software, with the extraction temperature (25–40 °C), extraction time (5–20 min), and ethanol concentration (0–80%) as independent variables, and TPC and ABTS as dependent variables. The phenolic profile and mineral and antibacterial properties of the optimized lichen extracts were determined. Evernic and usnic acid were found in <i>Evernia</i> species. Atranorin was detected only in <i>P. furfuracea</i>. Fumarprotocetraric acid was found exclusively in <i>B. fuscescens</i> and was not detected in any of the other lichens. Calcium was found to have the highest mineral content in all the lichens, followed by potassium. <i>L. pulmonaria</i>, showing the lowest inhibition effect against all tested bacteria, while <i>E. divaricata</i> exhibited the most effective inhibition. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc8db7ff395d4ffcb3e5b07e7c699c40 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc8db7ff395d4ffcb3e5b07e7c699c402025-08-20T03:36:26ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011415256210.3390/foods14152562Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial PropertiesKubra Ozkan0Hatice Bekiroglu1Nur Cebi2Fatih Bozkurt3Sevda Dere4Hilmi Ozdemir5Muhammet Arici6Salih Karasu7Osman Sagdic8Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Sirnak University, 73300 Sirnak, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeMarmara Forestry Research Institute Directorate, 34457 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Istanbul, TürkiyeThis study employed response surface methodology for the first-time optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the total phenolic content (TPC) and ABTS from edible lichens, including <i>Evernia divaricata</i>, <i>Evernia prunastri</i>, <i>Pseudevernia furfuracea</i>, <i>Bryoria fuscescens</i>, and <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i>. Fourteen experimental points were generated using Design Expert Software, with the extraction temperature (25–40 °C), extraction time (5–20 min), and ethanol concentration (0–80%) as independent variables, and TPC and ABTS as dependent variables. The phenolic profile and mineral and antibacterial properties of the optimized lichen extracts were determined. Evernic and usnic acid were found in <i>Evernia</i> species. Atranorin was detected only in <i>P. furfuracea</i>. Fumarprotocetraric acid was found exclusively in <i>B. fuscescens</i> and was not detected in any of the other lichens. Calcium was found to have the highest mineral content in all the lichens, followed by potassium. <i>L. pulmonaria</i>, showing the lowest inhibition effect against all tested bacteria, while <i>E. divaricata</i> exhibited the most effective inhibition.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2562ultrasound-assisted extractionoptimizationphenolic profilevolatile compoundmineral content |
| spellingShingle | Kubra Ozkan Hatice Bekiroglu Nur Cebi Fatih Bozkurt Sevda Dere Hilmi Ozdemir Muhammet Arici Salih Karasu Osman Sagdic Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties Foods ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization phenolic profile volatile compound mineral content |
| title | Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_full | Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_short | Optimizing the Extraction of Polyphenols from Different Edible Lichens Using Response Surface Methodology and the Determination of Their Mineral and Antibacterial Properties |
| title_sort | optimizing the extraction of polyphenols from different edible lichens using response surface methodology and the determination of their mineral and antibacterial properties |
| topic | ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization phenolic profile volatile compound mineral content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2562 |
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