Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals

Optical differential operations can directly extract edge information from images and have significant application potential in fields such as image processing and object recognition. In this work, we propose an optical spatial differentiator based on the birefringence effect of uniaxial crystals. T...

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Main Authors: Xu Chen, Ping Huang, Xuan Tang, Xunong Yi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Photonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/336
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author Xu Chen
Ping Huang
Xuan Tang
Xunong Yi
author_facet Xu Chen
Ping Huang
Xuan Tang
Xunong Yi
author_sort Xu Chen
collection DOAJ
description Optical differential operations can directly extract edge information from images and have significant application potential in fields such as image processing and object recognition. In this work, we propose an optical spatial differentiator based on the birefringence effect of uniaxial crystals. The system comprises two orthogonal polarizers and a uniaxial crystal, offering advantages of structural simplicity, operational stability, low cost, and seamless compatibility with conventional optical systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed differentiator achieves clear edge imaging for both amplitude and phase objects, while also enabling dark-field differential imaging of transparent biological cells, thereby substantially enhancing imaging quality and contrast. This efficient and robust design provides a promising solution for advancing optical differentiation techniques in applications ranging from data processing to biomedical imaging.
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spelling doaj-art-dc840475eaf344279ebac85ae92ba3ab2025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-04-0112433610.3390/photonics12040336Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial CrystalsXu Chen0Ping Huang1Xuan Tang2Xunong Yi3Department of Physics and Engineering Technology, Guilin Normal College, Guilin 541199, ChinaDepartment of Physics and Engineering Technology, Guilin Normal College, Guilin 541199, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaSchool of Electronic Information and Automation, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, ChinaOptical differential operations can directly extract edge information from images and have significant application potential in fields such as image processing and object recognition. In this work, we propose an optical spatial differentiator based on the birefringence effect of uniaxial crystals. The system comprises two orthogonal polarizers and a uniaxial crystal, offering advantages of structural simplicity, operational stability, low cost, and seamless compatibility with conventional optical systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed differentiator achieves clear edge imaging for both amplitude and phase objects, while also enabling dark-field differential imaging of transparent biological cells, thereby substantially enhancing imaging quality and contrast. This efficient and robust design provides a promising solution for advancing optical differentiation techniques in applications ranging from data processing to biomedical imaging.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/336beam propagationoptical spatial differentiationedge detectionuniaxial crystalphysical optics
spellingShingle Xu Chen
Ping Huang
Xuan Tang
Xunong Yi
Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
Photonics
beam propagation
optical spatial differentiation
edge detection
uniaxial crystal
physical optics
title Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
title_full Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
title_fullStr Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
title_full_unstemmed Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
title_short Optical Differentiation and Edge Detection Based on Birefringence of Uniaxial Crystals
title_sort optical differentiation and edge detection based on birefringence of uniaxial crystals
topic beam propagation
optical spatial differentiation
edge detection
uniaxial crystal
physical optics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/4/336
work_keys_str_mv AT xuchen opticaldifferentiationandedgedetectionbasedonbirefringenceofuniaxialcrystals
AT pinghuang opticaldifferentiationandedgedetectionbasedonbirefringenceofuniaxialcrystals
AT xuantang opticaldifferentiationandedgedetectionbasedonbirefringenceofuniaxialcrystals
AT xunongyi opticaldifferentiationandedgedetectionbasedonbirefringenceofuniaxialcrystals