Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context

Summary: Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) poses a significant clinical challenge for childbearing women. Cyclosporine A (CsA), first introduced by our group for RSA treatment, has gained wide clinical application in China, yet remains underutilized internationally. With this systema...

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Main Authors: Xianyang Hu, Xixi Huang, Tingxuan Yin, Hailin Yu, Lu Liu, Meirong Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:EClinicalMedicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025003748
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author Xianyang Hu
Xixi Huang
Tingxuan Yin
Hailin Yu
Lu Liu
Meirong Du
author_facet Xianyang Hu
Xixi Huang
Tingxuan Yin
Hailin Yu
Lu Liu
Meirong Du
author_sort Xianyang Hu
collection DOAJ
description Summary: Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) poses a significant clinical challenge for childbearing women. Cyclosporine A (CsA), first introduced by our group for RSA treatment, has gained wide clinical application in China, yet remains underutilized internationally. With this systematic review, we aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of CsA based therapy in the management of RSA. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to July 12, 2025. Eligible studies in English and Chinese language, involved patients with RSA and assessed CsA's effects on pregnancy outcomes were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using appropriate tools based on study design. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated via meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots. Subgroup and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to assess robustness and compare relative efficacy. Primary outcomes included miscarriage rate and live birth rate as reported in clinical pregnancy outcomes. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024541367). Findings: A total of 29 clinical studies (n = 3556 RSA patients) were included, with 22 comparing CsA-treated vs non-CsA-treated groups. The majority of studies were conducted in a Chinese population (28 = China, and 1 = Iran) as CsA therapy for RSA has not received approval outside of China. CsA therapy was associated with a lower miscarriage rate (OR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.25–0.56]), higher live birth rate (OR, 37 2.44 [95% CI, 1.59–3.74]), and higher ongoing pregnancy rate (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.54–38 4.37]). NMA revealed that CsA combined with conventional treatment, and immunotherapy (P-score: 0.147–0.275) had superior effects on miscarriage reduction compared to monotherapy (P41 score: 0.619–0.792). CsA-based combinations also remained superior to monotherapies (P-score: 0.704–0.791 vs 0.27–0.305). However, for live birth rate, the combination of conventional treatment and immunotherapy showed the greatest efficacy (P-score: 0.892). Interpretation: This meta-analysis demonstrates the potential benefits of CsA therapy for pregnancy outcomes in RSA patients, particularly when combined with other therapeutic interventions. These findings require further multi-center prospective testing at an international level. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the National Key R&D Program of China, the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, and the Shanghai Sailing Program.
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spelling doaj-art-dc6b9500e6b74c64bd28dc1e44f95e3c2025-08-22T04:57:16ZengElsevierEClinicalMedicine2589-53702025-09-018710344210.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103442Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in contextXianyang Hu0Xixi Huang1Tingxuan Yin2Hailin Yu3Lu Liu4Meirong Du5Laboratory of Reproduction Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, ChinaLaboratory of Reproduction Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, ChinaLaboratory of Reproduction Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, ChinaLaboratory of Reproduction Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, ChinaLaboratory of Reproduction Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China; Corresponding author. Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, China.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201204, China; Corresponding author. Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China.Summary: Background: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) poses a significant clinical challenge for childbearing women. Cyclosporine A (CsA), first introduced by our group for RSA treatment, has gained wide clinical application in China, yet remains underutilized internationally. With this systematic review, we aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of CsA based therapy in the management of RSA. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to July 12, 2025. Eligible studies in English and Chinese language, involved patients with RSA and assessed CsA's effects on pregnancy outcomes were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using appropriate tools based on study design. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated via meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots. Subgroup and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to assess robustness and compare relative efficacy. Primary outcomes included miscarriage rate and live birth rate as reported in clinical pregnancy outcomes. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024541367). Findings: A total of 29 clinical studies (n = 3556 RSA patients) were included, with 22 comparing CsA-treated vs non-CsA-treated groups. The majority of studies were conducted in a Chinese population (28 = China, and 1 = Iran) as CsA therapy for RSA has not received approval outside of China. CsA therapy was associated with a lower miscarriage rate (OR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.25–0.56]), higher live birth rate (OR, 37 2.44 [95% CI, 1.59–3.74]), and higher ongoing pregnancy rate (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.54–38 4.37]). NMA revealed that CsA combined with conventional treatment, and immunotherapy (P-score: 0.147–0.275) had superior effects on miscarriage reduction compared to monotherapy (P41 score: 0.619–0.792). CsA-based combinations also remained superior to monotherapies (P-score: 0.704–0.791 vs 0.27–0.305). However, for live birth rate, the combination of conventional treatment and immunotherapy showed the greatest efficacy (P-score: 0.892). Interpretation: This meta-analysis demonstrates the potential benefits of CsA therapy for pregnancy outcomes in RSA patients, particularly when combined with other therapeutic interventions. These findings require further multi-center prospective testing at an international level. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the National Key R&D Program of China, the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, and the Shanghai Sailing Program.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025003748Recurrent spontaneous abortionCyclosporine AMeta-analysisNetwork meta-analysis
spellingShingle Xianyang Hu
Xixi Huang
Tingxuan Yin
Hailin Yu
Lu Liu
Meirong Du
Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
EClinicalMedicine
Recurrent spontaneous abortion
Cyclosporine A
Meta-analysis
Network meta-analysis
title Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
title_full Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
title_fullStr Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
title_short Therapeutic efficacy of Cyclosporine A in recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis incorporating Chinese and English language studiesResearch in context
title_sort therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine a in recurrent spontaneous abortion a meta analysis and network meta analysis incorporating chinese and english language studiesresearch in context
topic Recurrent spontaneous abortion
Cyclosporine A
Meta-analysis
Network meta-analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537025003748
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