The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Frailty is a multifactorial condition influenced by physical and psychosocial factors. Understanding longitudinal changes in these domains may guide prevention strategies. This study examines the relationship between frailty status, physical fitness, and psy...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/10/3/82 |
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| author | Emi Yamagata Yuya Watanabe Miwa Mitsuhashi Hidemi Hashimoto Yuriko Sugihara Naoko Murata Mitsuyo Komatsu Naoyuki Ebine Misaka Kimura |
| author_facet | Emi Yamagata Yuya Watanabe Miwa Mitsuhashi Hidemi Hashimoto Yuriko Sugihara Naoko Murata Mitsuyo Komatsu Naoyuki Ebine Misaka Kimura |
| author_sort | Emi Yamagata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Frailty is a multifactorial condition influenced by physical and psychosocial factors. Understanding longitudinal changes in these domains may guide prevention strategies. This study examines the relationship between frailty status, physical fitness, and psychosocial conditions in community-dwelling older adults using five-year longitudinal data. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were 52 out of 89 older adults who completed both baseline and five-year follow-up assessments (follow-up rate: 58.4%). Data were collected using 10 physical fitness indicators, the fitness age score (FAS), geriatric depression scale (GDS), Lubben social network scale short form (LSNS-6), and relevant items in the six Kihon Checklist (KCL) domains. Due to low prevalence of frailty, individuals with pre-frailty and frailty were combined into the frailty-risk group. Repeated measures ANOVA with sex as a covariate was conducted to compare groups. Logistic regression was used to identify baseline predictors of frailty status at five years. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> GDS, LSNS-6, and KCL scores remained stable over five years. However, physical fitness significantly declined in several measures, including grip strength, vertical jump height, knee extension strength, functional reach, and FAS. A significant interaction for the timed up and go test showed that the robust group maintained function, while the frailty-risk group declined. Logistic regression identified KCL oral function as a significant predictor (OR = 5.331, 95% CI = 1.593–17.839, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <b>Conclusions:</b> Maintaining both oral function and physical fitness is vital for preventing frailty, even among health-conscious older adults. Proactive strategies may support healthy aging. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc4c2e86308849a3a9211488bbb9d141 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2308-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc4c2e86308849a3a9211488bbb9d1412025-08-20T03:24:40ZengMDPI AGGeriatrics2308-34172025-06-011038210.3390/geriatrics10030082The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal DataEmi Yamagata0Yuya Watanabe1Miwa Mitsuhashi2Hidemi Hashimoto3Yuriko Sugihara4Naoko Murata5Mitsuyo Komatsu6Naoyuki Ebine7Misaka Kimura8Faculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Sport Study, Biwako Seikei Sport College, 1204 Kitahira, Otsu 520-0503, Shiga, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, 97-1 Minamihokotate, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Kyoto, JapanFaculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Kyoto, JapanInstitute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka 621-8555, Kyoto, Japan<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Frailty is a multifactorial condition influenced by physical and psychosocial factors. Understanding longitudinal changes in these domains may guide prevention strategies. This study examines the relationship between frailty status, physical fitness, and psychosocial conditions in community-dwelling older adults using five-year longitudinal data. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were 52 out of 89 older adults who completed both baseline and five-year follow-up assessments (follow-up rate: 58.4%). Data were collected using 10 physical fitness indicators, the fitness age score (FAS), geriatric depression scale (GDS), Lubben social network scale short form (LSNS-6), and relevant items in the six Kihon Checklist (KCL) domains. Due to low prevalence of frailty, individuals with pre-frailty and frailty were combined into the frailty-risk group. Repeated measures ANOVA with sex as a covariate was conducted to compare groups. Logistic regression was used to identify baseline predictors of frailty status at five years. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results:</b> GDS, LSNS-6, and KCL scores remained stable over five years. However, physical fitness significantly declined in several measures, including grip strength, vertical jump height, knee extension strength, functional reach, and FAS. A significant interaction for the timed up and go test showed that the robust group maintained function, while the frailty-risk group declined. Logistic regression identified KCL oral function as a significant predictor (OR = 5.331, 95% CI = 1.593–17.839, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <b>Conclusions:</b> Maintaining both oral function and physical fitness is vital for preventing frailty, even among health-conscious older adults. Proactive strategies may support healthy aging.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/10/3/82fitness age scoregeriatric depression scaleLubben social network scale short formfitness testing event |
| spellingShingle | Emi Yamagata Yuya Watanabe Miwa Mitsuhashi Hidemi Hashimoto Yuriko Sugihara Naoko Murata Mitsuyo Komatsu Naoyuki Ebine Misaka Kimura The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data Geriatrics fitness age score geriatric depression scale Lubben social network scale short form fitness testing event |
| title | The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data |
| title_full | The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data |
| title_fullStr | The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data |
| title_short | The Frailty, Fitness, and Psychophysical/Social Condition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults—Analysis of 5-Year Longitudinal Data |
| title_sort | frailty fitness and psychophysical social condition of community dwelling older adults analysis of 5 year longitudinal data |
| topic | fitness age score geriatric depression scale Lubben social network scale short form fitness testing event |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3417/10/3/82 |
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