Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications

The advent of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has unlocked the potential to deploy machine learning models on resource-constrained edge devices, revolutionizing real-time monitoring in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. This study introduces a novel approach to real-time electrocardiogra...

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Main Authors: Moez Hizem, Leila Bousbia, Yassmine Ben Dhiab, Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine, Ridha Bouallegue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2496
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author Moez Hizem
Leila Bousbia
Yassmine Ben Dhiab
Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine
Ridha Bouallegue
author_facet Moez Hizem
Leila Bousbia
Yassmine Ben Dhiab
Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine
Ridha Bouallegue
author_sort Moez Hizem
collection DOAJ
description The advent of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has unlocked the potential to deploy machine learning models on resource-constrained edge devices, revolutionizing real-time monitoring in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. This study introduces a novel approach to real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detection by integrating TinyML with edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) on low-power embedded systems. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of deploying optimized models on edge devices, such as the Raspberry Pi and Arduino, to detect ECG anomalies, including arrhythmias. The proposed workflow encompasses data preprocessing, feature extraction, and model inference, all executed directly on the edge device, eliminating the need for cloud resources. To address the constraints of memory and power consumption in wearable devices, we applied advanced optimization techniques, including model pruning and quantization, achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and resource utilization. The optimized model achieved an accuracy of 92.3% while reducing the power consumption to 0.024 mW, enabling continuous, long-term health monitoring with minimal energy requirements. This work highlights the potential of TinyML to advance edge AI for real-time medical applications.
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issn 1424-8220
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-dc336212dc8c49db8c9e10918d563dcb2025-08-20T02:18:10ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258249610.3390/s25082496Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things ApplicationsMoez Hizem0Leila Bousbia1Yassmine Ben Dhiab2Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine3Ridha Bouallegue4Innov’COM Laboratory, Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, TunisiaInnov’COM Laboratory, Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, TunisiaInnov’COM Laboratory, Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, TunisiaInnov’COM Laboratory, Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, TunisiaInnov’COM Laboratory, Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis 1054, TunisiaThe advent of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) has unlocked the potential to deploy machine learning models on resource-constrained edge devices, revolutionizing real-time monitoring in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. This study introduces a novel approach to real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detection by integrating TinyML with edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) on low-power embedded systems. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of deploying optimized models on edge devices, such as the Raspberry Pi and Arduino, to detect ECG anomalies, including arrhythmias. The proposed workflow encompasses data preprocessing, feature extraction, and model inference, all executed directly on the edge device, eliminating the need for cloud resources. To address the constraints of memory and power consumption in wearable devices, we applied advanced optimization techniques, including model pruning and quantization, achieving an optimal balance between accuracy and resource utilization. The optimized model achieved an accuracy of 92.3% while reducing the power consumption to 0.024 mW, enabling continuous, long-term health monitoring with minimal energy requirements. This work highlights the potential of TinyML to advance edge AI for real-time medical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2496TinyMLedge AIIoMTanomaly detectionECGlow-power
spellingShingle Moez Hizem
Leila Bousbia
Yassmine Ben Dhiab
Mohamed Ould-Elhassen Aoueileyine
Ridha Bouallegue
Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
Sensors
TinyML
edge AI
IoMT
anomaly detection
ECG
low-power
title Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
title_full Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
title_fullStr Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
title_full_unstemmed Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
title_short Reliable ECG Anomaly Detection on Edge Devices for Internet of Medical Things Applications
title_sort reliable ecg anomaly detection on edge devices for internet of medical things applications
topic TinyML
edge AI
IoMT
anomaly detection
ECG
low-power
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2496
work_keys_str_mv AT moezhizem reliableecganomalydetectiononedgedevicesforinternetofmedicalthingsapplications
AT leilabousbia reliableecganomalydetectiononedgedevicesforinternetofmedicalthingsapplications
AT yassminebendhiab reliableecganomalydetectiononedgedevicesforinternetofmedicalthingsapplications
AT mohamedouldelhassenaoueileyine reliableecganomalydetectiononedgedevicesforinternetofmedicalthingsapplications
AT ridhabouallegue reliableecganomalydetectiononedgedevicesforinternetofmedicalthingsapplications