The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry

Purpose — This study explores the determinants of export performance in the Turkish manufacturing industry by examining the effects of productivity, wages, demand, and sector-specific real effective exchange rates from 2006 to 2019. Methods — Using firm-level export data across 21 manufacturing sec...

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Main Authors: Ahmet Koluman, Fatih Kaplan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Islam Indonesia 2025-04-01
Series:Economic Journal of Emerging Markets
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journal.uii.ac.id/JEP/article/view/37378
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author Ahmet Koluman
Fatih Kaplan
author_facet Ahmet Koluman
Fatih Kaplan
author_sort Ahmet Koluman
collection DOAJ
description Purpose — This study explores the determinants of export performance in the Turkish manufacturing industry by examining the effects of productivity, wages, demand, and sector-specific real effective exchange rates from 2006 to 2019. Methods — Using firm-level export data across 21 manufacturing sectors, the study applies a Fixed-Effects model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to address heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence. Endogeneity concerns are mitigated using Two-Step System GMM estimation, complemented by Moment Quantile Regression (MQR) for robustness checks across the export distribution. Findings — The results reveal that higher productivity, increased wages, and stronger external demand significantly enhance exports, while currency appreciation adversely affects export performance. Productivity emerges as the most influential factor. Implication — Productivity enhancement, stable exchange rate management, and workforce development support export-driven growth. Targeted policies that strengthen sectoral competitiveness and expand foreign market access are essential for sustaining manufacturing exports. Originality — This study departs from traditional macro-level analyses by constructing sector-specific indices for real exchange rates and external demand. It offers a more granular and precise understanding of export dynamics. The methodological rigor combines static and dynamic panel estimators to ensure robustness and advance empirical insights into firm-level export behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-dc0fe8a3f84d4b528ef9db6b32bb42462025-08-20T02:55:17ZengUniversitas Islam IndonesiaEconomic Journal of Emerging Markets2086-31282502-180X2025-04-0117110.20885/ejem.vol17.iss1.art7The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industryAhmet Koluman0Fatih Kaplan1Tarsus Üniversitesi, Mersin, TurkeyTarsus Üniversitesi, Mersin, Turkey Purpose — This study explores the determinants of export performance in the Turkish manufacturing industry by examining the effects of productivity, wages, demand, and sector-specific real effective exchange rates from 2006 to 2019. Methods — Using firm-level export data across 21 manufacturing sectors, the study applies a Fixed-Effects model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors to address heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence. Endogeneity concerns are mitigated using Two-Step System GMM estimation, complemented by Moment Quantile Regression (MQR) for robustness checks across the export distribution. Findings — The results reveal that higher productivity, increased wages, and stronger external demand significantly enhance exports, while currency appreciation adversely affects export performance. Productivity emerges as the most influential factor. Implication — Productivity enhancement, stable exchange rate management, and workforce development support export-driven growth. Targeted policies that strengthen sectoral competitiveness and expand foreign market access are essential for sustaining manufacturing exports. Originality — This study departs from traditional macro-level analyses by constructing sector-specific indices for real exchange rates and external demand. It offers a more granular and precise understanding of export dynamics. The methodological rigor combines static and dynamic panel estimators to ensure robustness and advance empirical insights into firm-level export behavior. https://journal.uii.ac.id/JEP/article/view/37378Manufacturing industrysectoral exportpanel dataTürkiye
spellingShingle Ahmet Koluman
Fatih Kaplan
The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
Economic Journal of Emerging Markets
Manufacturing industry
sectoral export
panel data
Türkiye
title The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
title_full The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
title_fullStr The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
title_full_unstemmed The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
title_short The role of productivity, wages, demand, and exchange rates on export performance: Evidence from the Turkish manufacturing industry
title_sort role of productivity wages demand and exchange rates on export performance evidence from the turkish manufacturing industry
topic Manufacturing industry
sectoral export
panel data
Türkiye
url https://journal.uii.ac.id/JEP/article/view/37378
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