The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes
IntroductionUnderstanding the factors influencing disruptive behaviour (DB) in Physical Education (PE) is essential for optimizing learning environments and student engagement. The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of DB in PE at two different times of the day, morning and afternoon, ov...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1546436/full |
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| author | Mohamed Sami Bouzid Mohamed Sami Bouzid Hassan Melki Hassan Melki Ghazi Racil Ghazi Racil Aymen Hawani Aymen Hawani Sabra Hammoudi Youssef Rezgani Johnny Padulo |
| author_facet | Mohamed Sami Bouzid Mohamed Sami Bouzid Hassan Melki Hassan Melki Ghazi Racil Ghazi Racil Aymen Hawani Aymen Hawani Sabra Hammoudi Youssef Rezgani Johnny Padulo |
| author_sort | Mohamed Sami Bouzid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionUnderstanding the factors influencing disruptive behaviour (DB) in Physical Education (PE) is essential for optimizing learning environments and student engagement. The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of DB in PE at two different times of the day, morning and afternoon, over an eight-week period.MethodsOne hundred thirty-seven male students participated in the study, with a mean age of 13.63 ± 0.7 years and PE experience of 5.7 ± 0.3 years. The Disciplinary Incidents Observing System (DIOS) was used to measure the frequency of DB occurrences during PE sessions.ResultsA significant difference was found in the average frequency of DBs observed between morning and afternoon sessions (p = 0.008 < 0.05). A total of 160 DBs were recorded during morning sessions, averaging 40 DBs per session or 0.8 DBs per minute. In contrast, 97 DBs were observed during afternoon sessions, averaging 24.25 DBs per session or 0.485 DBs per minute. These results suggest that physical activity in afternoon PE sessions is likely to significantly reduce the incidence of DBs.ConclusionThe findings of this study could serve as a valuable reference for decision-makers in organizing PE schedules, particularly in schools classified as “at risk”, where the prevalence of violence and incivility is above average. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc05525046274dff928c4fbb7ce1c868 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc05525046274dff928c4fbb7ce1c8682025-08-20T01:51:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-04-01710.3389/fspor.2025.15464361546436The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classesMohamed Sami Bouzid0Mohamed Sami Bouzid1Hassan Melki2Hassan Melki3Ghazi Racil4Ghazi Racil5Aymen Hawani6Aymen Hawani7Sabra Hammoudi8Youssef Rezgani9Johnny Padulo10Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd,Tunis, TunisiaPhysical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, TunisiaHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd,Tunis, TunisiaPhysical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, TunisiaResearch Laboratory (LR23JS01) “Sport Performance, Health & Society”, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd, Tunis, TunisiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP of Gafsa, Gafsa, TunisiaHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd,Tunis, TunisiaPhysical Activity, Sport and Health, Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, TunisiaHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd,Tunis, TunisiaHigher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar-Saïd,Tunis, TunisiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyIntroductionUnderstanding the factors influencing disruptive behaviour (DB) in Physical Education (PE) is essential for optimizing learning environments and student engagement. The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of DB in PE at two different times of the day, morning and afternoon, over an eight-week period.MethodsOne hundred thirty-seven male students participated in the study, with a mean age of 13.63 ± 0.7 years and PE experience of 5.7 ± 0.3 years. The Disciplinary Incidents Observing System (DIOS) was used to measure the frequency of DB occurrences during PE sessions.ResultsA significant difference was found in the average frequency of DBs observed between morning and afternoon sessions (p = 0.008 < 0.05). A total of 160 DBs were recorded during morning sessions, averaging 40 DBs per session or 0.8 DBs per minute. In contrast, 97 DBs were observed during afternoon sessions, averaging 24.25 DBs per session or 0.485 DBs per minute. These results suggest that physical activity in afternoon PE sessions is likely to significantly reduce the incidence of DBs.ConclusionThe findings of this study could serve as a valuable reference for decision-makers in organizing PE schedules, particularly in schools classified as “at risk”, where the prevalence of violence and incivility is above average.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1546436/fulldisciplinary incidents observing systemdisruptive behaviourphysical educationmorning vs. afternoonclassroom management |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Sami Bouzid Mohamed Sami Bouzid Hassan Melki Hassan Melki Ghazi Racil Ghazi Racil Aymen Hawani Aymen Hawani Sabra Hammoudi Youssef Rezgani Johnny Padulo The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes Frontiers in Sports and Active Living disciplinary incidents observing system disruptive behaviour physical education morning vs. afternoon classroom management |
| title | The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| title_full | The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| title_fullStr | The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| title_short | The influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| title_sort | influence of time of day on disruptive behaviours in middle school students during physical education classes |
| topic | disciplinary incidents observing system disruptive behaviour physical education morning vs. afternoon classroom management |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1546436/full |
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