Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment

As the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid increases, the imbalance between power supply and demand has become one of the key issues. Buildings and their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered excellent flexible demand response (DR) resources that...

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Main Authors: Jie Zhu, Zhe Tian, Jide Niu, Yakai Lu, Haizhu Zhou, Yitong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/462
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author Jie Zhu
Zhe Tian
Jide Niu
Yakai Lu
Haizhu Zhou
Yitong Li
author_facet Jie Zhu
Zhe Tian
Jide Niu
Yakai Lu
Haizhu Zhou
Yitong Li
author_sort Jie Zhu
collection DOAJ
description As the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid increases, the imbalance between power supply and demand has become one of the key issues. Buildings and their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered excellent flexible demand response (DR) resources that can reduce peak loads to alleviate operational pressures on the power grid. Centralized chiller plants are regarded as flexible resources with large capacity and rapid adjustability. The direct load control of chiller plants can respond to the power grid within minutes, making them highly suitable for participation in emergency DR. However, existing studies are generally based on simulations and lack experimental research in actual large-scale buildings to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and provide related lessons learned. This study conducted field experiments on a centralized chiller plant within an industrial building in Guangdong, China. The results indicate that the strategy of shutting down chiller plants is an effective DR measure. It can complete the load reduction process within 15 min, rapidly decreasing the system power by 380~459 kW, with a maximum duration of up to 50 min, without significantly affecting the thermal comfort of indoor occupants. Additionally, the impact of existing control logic on the participation of chiller plants in the DR process is also discussed.
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series Buildings
spelling doaj-art-dbe6646f5f9945269540fbfab4dcf8c02025-08-20T02:12:24ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-02-0115346210.3390/buildings15030462Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field ExperimentJie Zhu0Zhe Tian1Jide Niu2Yakai Lu3Haizhu Zhou4Yitong Li5School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300410, ChinaChina Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, ChinaChina Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, ChinaAs the penetration rate of renewable energy in the power grid increases, the imbalance between power supply and demand has become one of the key issues. Buildings and their heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are considered excellent flexible demand response (DR) resources that can reduce peak loads to alleviate operational pressures on the power grid. Centralized chiller plants are regarded as flexible resources with large capacity and rapid adjustability. The direct load control of chiller plants can respond to the power grid within minutes, making them highly suitable for participation in emergency DR. However, existing studies are generally based on simulations and lack experimental research in actual large-scale buildings to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method and provide related lessons learned. This study conducted field experiments on a centralized chiller plant within an industrial building in Guangdong, China. The results indicate that the strategy of shutting down chiller plants is an effective DR measure. It can complete the load reduction process within 15 min, rapidly decreasing the system power by 380~459 kW, with a maximum duration of up to 50 min, without significantly affecting the thermal comfort of indoor occupants. Additionally, the impact of existing control logic on the participation of chiller plants in the DR process is also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/462building demand responseemergency demand responsefield experimentchiller plants
spellingShingle Jie Zhu
Zhe Tian
Jide Niu
Yakai Lu
Haizhu Zhou
Yitong Li
Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
Buildings
building demand response
emergency demand response
field experiment
chiller plants
title Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
title_full Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
title_fullStr Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
title_full_unstemmed Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
title_short Direct Load Control Strategy of Centralized Chiller Plants for Emergency Demand Response: A Field Experiment
title_sort direct load control strategy of centralized chiller plants for emergency demand response a field experiment
topic building demand response
emergency demand response
field experiment
chiller plants
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/3/462
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AT zhetian directloadcontrolstrategyofcentralizedchillerplantsforemergencydemandresponseafieldexperiment
AT jideniu directloadcontrolstrategyofcentralizedchillerplantsforemergencydemandresponseafieldexperiment
AT yakailu directloadcontrolstrategyofcentralizedchillerplantsforemergencydemandresponseafieldexperiment
AT haizhuzhou directloadcontrolstrategyofcentralizedchillerplantsforemergencydemandresponseafieldexperiment
AT yitongli directloadcontrolstrategyofcentralizedchillerplantsforemergencydemandresponseafieldexperiment