Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems

Abstract Background Patients’ diagnosis, treatment and follow-up increasingly rely on multimodality imaging. One of the main limitations for the optimal implementation of hybrid systems in clinical practice is the time and expertise required for applying standardized protocols for equipment quality...

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Main Authors: Carmen Salvador-Ribés, Carina Soler-Pons, María Jesús Sánchez-García, Tobias Fechter, Consuelo Olivas, Irene Torres-Espallardo, José Pérez-Calatayud, Dimos Baltas, Michael Mix, Luis Martí-Bonmatí, Montserrat Carles
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:EJNMMI Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-025-00741-8
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author Carmen Salvador-Ribés
Carina Soler-Pons
María Jesús Sánchez-García
Tobias Fechter
Consuelo Olivas
Irene Torres-Espallardo
José Pérez-Calatayud
Dimos Baltas
Michael Mix
Luis Martí-Bonmatí
Montserrat Carles
author_facet Carmen Salvador-Ribés
Carina Soler-Pons
María Jesús Sánchez-García
Tobias Fechter
Consuelo Olivas
Irene Torres-Espallardo
José Pérez-Calatayud
Dimos Baltas
Michael Mix
Luis Martí-Bonmatí
Montserrat Carles
author_sort Carmen Salvador-Ribés
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Patients’ diagnosis, treatment and follow-up increasingly rely on multimodality imaging. One of the main limitations for the optimal implementation of hybrid systems in clinical practice is the time and expertise required for applying standardized protocols for equipment quality assurance (QA). Experimental phantoms are commonly used for this purpose, but they are often limited to a single modality and single quality parameter, lacking automated analysis capabilities. In this study, we developed a multimodal 3D-printed phantom and software for QA in positron emission tomography (PET) hybrid systems, with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR), by assessing signal, spatial resolution, radiomic features, co-registration and geometric distortions. Results Phantom models and Python software for the proposed QA are available to download, and a user-friendly plugin compatible with the open-source 3D-Slicer software has been developed. The QA viability was proved by characterizing a Philips-Gemini-TF64-PET/CT in terms of signal response (mean, µ), intrinsic variability for three consecutive measurements (daily variation coefficient, CoVd) and reproducibility over time (variation coefficient across 5 months, CoVm). For this system, averaged recovery coefficient for activity concentration was µ = 0.90 ± 0.08 (CoVd = 0.6%, CoVm = 9%) in volumes ranging from 7 to 42 ml. CT calibration-curve averaged over time was $$\text{HU}=(951\pm 12)\times \text{density}-(944\pm 15)$$ HU = ( 951 ± 12 ) × density - ( 944 ± 15 ) with variability of slope and y-intercept of (CoVd = 0.4%, CoVm = 1.2%) and (CoVd = 0.4%, CoVm = 1.6%), respectively. Radiomics reproducibility resulted in (CoVd = 18%, CoVm = 30%) for PET and (CoVd = 15%, CoVm = 22%) for CT. Co-registration was assessed by Dice-Similarity-Coefficient (DSC) along 37.8 cm in superior-inferior (z) direction (well registered if DSC ≥ 0.91 and Δz ≤ 2 mm), resulting in 3/7 days well co-registered. Applicability to other scanners was additionally proved with Philips-Vereos-PET/CT (V), Siemens-Biograph-Vison-600-PET/CT (S) and GE-SIGNA-PET/MR (G). PET concentration accuracy was (µ = 0.86, CoVd = 0.3%) for V, (µ = 0.87, CoVd = 0.8%) for S, and (µ = 1.10, CoVd = 0.34%) for G. MR(T2) was well co-registered with PET in 3/4 cases, did not show significant distortion within a transaxial diameter of 27.8 cm and along 37 cm in z, and its radiomic variability was CoVd = 13%. Conclusions Open-source QA protocol for PET hybrid systems has been presented and its general applicability has been proved. This package facilitates simultaneously simple and semi-automated evaluation for various imaging modalities, providing a complete and efficient QA solution.
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spelling doaj-art-dbd3c0ef91ea49f6af55fc980e1bdd222025-08-20T02:17:56ZengSpringerOpenEJNMMI Physics2197-73642025-04-0112112210.1186/s40658-025-00741-8Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systemsCarmen Salvador-Ribés0Carina Soler-Pons1María Jesús Sánchez-García2Tobias Fechter3Consuelo Olivas4Irene Torres-Espallardo5José Pérez-Calatayud6Dimos Baltas7Michael Mix8Luis Martí-Bonmatí9Montserrat Carles10Biomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research InstituteBiomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research InstituteBiomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research InstituteDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center FreiburgMedical Imaging Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic HospitalMedical Imaging Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic HospitalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, La Fe University and Polytechnic HospitalDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center FreiburgDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center FreiburgBiomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research InstituteBiomedical Imaging Research Group (GIBI230), La Fe Health Research InstituteAbstract Background Patients’ diagnosis, treatment and follow-up increasingly rely on multimodality imaging. One of the main limitations for the optimal implementation of hybrid systems in clinical practice is the time and expertise required for applying standardized protocols for equipment quality assurance (QA). Experimental phantoms are commonly used for this purpose, but they are often limited to a single modality and single quality parameter, lacking automated analysis capabilities. In this study, we developed a multimodal 3D-printed phantom and software for QA in positron emission tomography (PET) hybrid systems, with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR), by assessing signal, spatial resolution, radiomic features, co-registration and geometric distortions. Results Phantom models and Python software for the proposed QA are available to download, and a user-friendly plugin compatible with the open-source 3D-Slicer software has been developed. The QA viability was proved by characterizing a Philips-Gemini-TF64-PET/CT in terms of signal response (mean, µ), intrinsic variability for three consecutive measurements (daily variation coefficient, CoVd) and reproducibility over time (variation coefficient across 5 months, CoVm). For this system, averaged recovery coefficient for activity concentration was µ = 0.90 ± 0.08 (CoVd = 0.6%, CoVm = 9%) in volumes ranging from 7 to 42 ml. CT calibration-curve averaged over time was $$\text{HU}=(951\pm 12)\times \text{density}-(944\pm 15)$$ HU = ( 951 ± 12 ) × density - ( 944 ± 15 ) with variability of slope and y-intercept of (CoVd = 0.4%, CoVm = 1.2%) and (CoVd = 0.4%, CoVm = 1.6%), respectively. Radiomics reproducibility resulted in (CoVd = 18%, CoVm = 30%) for PET and (CoVd = 15%, CoVm = 22%) for CT. Co-registration was assessed by Dice-Similarity-Coefficient (DSC) along 37.8 cm in superior-inferior (z) direction (well registered if DSC ≥ 0.91 and Δz ≤ 2 mm), resulting in 3/7 days well co-registered. Applicability to other scanners was additionally proved with Philips-Vereos-PET/CT (V), Siemens-Biograph-Vison-600-PET/CT (S) and GE-SIGNA-PET/MR (G). PET concentration accuracy was (µ = 0.86, CoVd = 0.3%) for V, (µ = 0.87, CoVd = 0.8%) for S, and (µ = 1.10, CoVd = 0.34%) for G. MR(T2) was well co-registered with PET in 3/4 cases, did not show significant distortion within a transaxial diameter of 27.8 cm and along 37 cm in z, and its radiomic variability was CoVd = 13%. Conclusions Open-source QA protocol for PET hybrid systems has been presented and its general applicability has been proved. This package facilitates simultaneously simple and semi-automated evaluation for various imaging modalities, providing a complete and efficient QA solution.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-025-00741-8PET/CTPET/MRQuality assuranceExperimental phantoms3D-printingMedical imaging
spellingShingle Carmen Salvador-Ribés
Carina Soler-Pons
María Jesús Sánchez-García
Tobias Fechter
Consuelo Olivas
Irene Torres-Espallardo
José Pérez-Calatayud
Dimos Baltas
Michael Mix
Luis Martí-Bonmatí
Montserrat Carles
Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
EJNMMI Physics
PET/CT
PET/MR
Quality assurance
Experimental phantoms
3D-printing
Medical imaging
title Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
title_full Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
title_fullStr Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
title_full_unstemmed Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
title_short Open-source phantom with dedicated in-house software for image quality assurance in hybrid PET systems
title_sort open source phantom with dedicated in house software for image quality assurance in hybrid pet systems
topic PET/CT
PET/MR
Quality assurance
Experimental phantoms
3D-printing
Medical imaging
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-025-00741-8
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