Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Abstract The interaction between gut and oropharyngeal microbiota plays a significant role in the viral infections like SARS-CoV-2, but role of the lower respiratory tract microbiota remains unclear. Our study utilized metatranscriptomics and metagenomics to analyze the microbial composition of bron...

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Main Authors: Denian Wang, Yishang Duan, Lijuan He, Juan Jiang, Jinghong Xian, Ke Yuan, Rui Zhang, Huohuo Zhang, Jing Wang, Nan Li, Min Huang, Chenggong Hu, Sifeng Lu, Zhiheng Luo, Taibing Deng, Zhongwei Zhang, Bojiang Chen, Weimin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08234-1
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author Denian Wang
Yishang Duan
Lijuan He
Juan Jiang
Jinghong Xian
Ke Yuan
Rui Zhang
Huohuo Zhang
Jing Wang
Nan Li
Min Huang
Chenggong Hu
Sifeng Lu
Zhiheng Luo
Taibing Deng
Zhongwei Zhang
Bojiang Chen
Weimin Li
author_facet Denian Wang
Yishang Duan
Lijuan He
Juan Jiang
Jinghong Xian
Ke Yuan
Rui Zhang
Huohuo Zhang
Jing Wang
Nan Li
Min Huang
Chenggong Hu
Sifeng Lu
Zhiheng Luo
Taibing Deng
Zhongwei Zhang
Bojiang Chen
Weimin Li
author_sort Denian Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The interaction between gut and oropharyngeal microbiota plays a significant role in the viral infections like SARS-CoV-2, but role of the lower respiratory tract microbiota remains unclear. Our study utilized metatranscriptomics and metagenomics to analyze the microbial composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum samples from 116 COVID-19 patients, categorized into mild, severe, and critical groups. Our analysis revealed significant differences in viral genotypes across disease stages. As disease severity increased, the Chao index also rose. The mild group was predominantly dominated by Firmicutes, while the severe group showed an increase in Bacteroidetes. The critical group was characterized by a higher abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Notably, the abundance of Streptococcus and Rothia decreased as the disease progressed. Additionally, the Shannon index correlated with mortality risk, while the Chao index was associated with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and patient survival. These findings highlight the strong link between microbial composition and COVID-19 severity, providing valuable insights for assessing disease progression.
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spelling doaj-art-dbcc9c2ef834409d95fccad3a87fd8792025-08-20T03:22:12ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-05-018111210.1038/s42003-025-08234-1Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomicsDenian Wang0Yishang Duan1Lijuan He2Juan Jiang3Jinghong Xian4Ke Yuan5Rui Zhang6Huohuo Zhang7Jing Wang8Nan Li9Min Huang10Chenggong Hu11Sifeng Lu12Zhiheng Luo13Taibing Deng14Zhongwei Zhang15Bojiang Chen16Weimin Li17Precision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityBGIPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityBGIGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityBGIBGIDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He StreetPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Guang’an People’hospitalDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Frontier Medical Center, Xin Chuan Road, Zhong He StreetPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityPrecision Medicine Research Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract The interaction between gut and oropharyngeal microbiota plays a significant role in the viral infections like SARS-CoV-2, but role of the lower respiratory tract microbiota remains unclear. Our study utilized metatranscriptomics and metagenomics to analyze the microbial composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum samples from 116 COVID-19 patients, categorized into mild, severe, and critical groups. Our analysis revealed significant differences in viral genotypes across disease stages. As disease severity increased, the Chao index also rose. The mild group was predominantly dominated by Firmicutes, while the severe group showed an increase in Bacteroidetes. The critical group was characterized by a higher abundance of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Notably, the abundance of Streptococcus and Rothia decreased as the disease progressed. Additionally, the Shannon index correlated with mortality risk, while the Chao index was associated with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and patient survival. These findings highlight the strong link between microbial composition and COVID-19 severity, providing valuable insights for assessing disease progression.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08234-1
spellingShingle Denian Wang
Yishang Duan
Lijuan He
Juan Jiang
Jinghong Xian
Ke Yuan
Rui Zhang
Huohuo Zhang
Jing Wang
Nan Li
Min Huang
Chenggong Hu
Sifeng Lu
Zhiheng Luo
Taibing Deng
Zhongwei Zhang
Bojiang Chen
Weimin Li
Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
Communications Biology
title Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
title_full Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
title_fullStr Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
title_full_unstemmed Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
title_short Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
title_sort altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with covid 19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08234-1
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