Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy
Abstract Background Cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle. It is classified into primary (genetic, mixed, or acquired) and secondary categories, resulting in various phenotypes including dilated, h...
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SpringerOpen
2025-03-01
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| Series: | The Egyptian Heart Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-025-00628-0 |
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| author | Sampat Singh Tanwar Sumeet Dwivedi Sheema Khan Seema Sharma |
| author_facet | Sampat Singh Tanwar Sumeet Dwivedi Sheema Khan Seema Sharma |
| author_sort | Sampat Singh Tanwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle. It is classified into primary (genetic, mixed, or acquired) and secondary categories, resulting in various phenotypes including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive patterns. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common primary form, can cause exertional dyspnea, presyncope, and sudden cardiac death. Dilated cardiomyopathy typically presents with heart failure symptoms, while restrictive cardiomyopathy is rarer and often associated with systemic diseases. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation including history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Treatment options range from pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications to implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and heart transplantation in refractory cases. Main body Anthracyclines, particularly doxorubicin, have emerged as crucial components in cancer treatment, demonstrating significant antitumor activity across various malignancies. These drugs have become standard in numerous chemotherapy regimens, improving patient outcomes. However, their use is associated with severe cardiotoxicity, including cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The mechanisms of anthracycline action and toxicity are complex, involving DNA damage, iron-mediated free radical production, and disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) is a severe complication of cancer treatment with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatments. The pathophysiology of DIC involves multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and calcium homeostasis disorder. Despite extensive research, no effective treatment for established DIC is currently available. Dexrazoxane is the only FDA-approved protective agent, but it has limitations. Recent studies have explored various potential therapeutic approaches, including natural drugs, endogenous substances, new dosage forms, and herbal medicines. However, the lack of experimental models incorporating pre-existing cancer limits the understanding of DIC pathophysiology and treatment efficacy. Conclusion Cardiomyopathy, whether primary or secondary, poses a significant clinical challenge due to its varying etiologies and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is a severe complication of chemotherapy, with doxorubicin being a notable contributor. Despite advancements in cancer therapies, the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines necessitate further investigation into effective preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbc75ee5344340a09bc719b8b241210f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2090-911X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Egyptian Heart Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-dbc75ee5344340a09bc719b8b241210f2025-08-20T02:56:21ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Heart Journal2090-911X2025-03-0177112210.1186/s43044-025-00628-0Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathySampat Singh Tanwar0Sumeet Dwivedi1Sheema Khan2Seema Sharma3Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth VishwadvidyalayaAcropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyShri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth VishwadvidyalayaAbstract Background Cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle. It is classified into primary (genetic, mixed, or acquired) and secondary categories, resulting in various phenotypes including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive patterns. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the most common primary form, can cause exertional dyspnea, presyncope, and sudden cardiac death. Dilated cardiomyopathy typically presents with heart failure symptoms, while restrictive cardiomyopathy is rarer and often associated with systemic diseases. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation including history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Treatment options range from pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications to implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and heart transplantation in refractory cases. Main body Anthracyclines, particularly doxorubicin, have emerged as crucial components in cancer treatment, demonstrating significant antitumor activity across various malignancies. These drugs have become standard in numerous chemotherapy regimens, improving patient outcomes. However, their use is associated with severe cardiotoxicity, including cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The mechanisms of anthracycline action and toxicity are complex, involving DNA damage, iron-mediated free radical production, and disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) is a severe complication of cancer treatment with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatments. The pathophysiology of DIC involves multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and calcium homeostasis disorder. Despite extensive research, no effective treatment for established DIC is currently available. Dexrazoxane is the only FDA-approved protective agent, but it has limitations. Recent studies have explored various potential therapeutic approaches, including natural drugs, endogenous substances, new dosage forms, and herbal medicines. However, the lack of experimental models incorporating pre-existing cancer limits the understanding of DIC pathophysiology and treatment efficacy. Conclusion Cardiomyopathy, whether primary or secondary, poses a significant clinical challenge due to its varying etiologies and poor prognosis in advanced stages. Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is a severe complication of chemotherapy, with doxorubicin being a notable contributor. Despite advancements in cancer therapies, the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines necessitate further investigation into effective preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-025-00628-0CardiomyopathyPhenotypesPathogenesisCardiac damageGlutathione reductases |
| spellingShingle | Sampat Singh Tanwar Sumeet Dwivedi Sheema Khan Seema Sharma Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy The Egyptian Heart Journal Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes Pathogenesis Cardiac damage Glutathione reductases |
| title | Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy |
| title_full | Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy |
| title_fullStr | Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy |
| title_short | Cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into DOX-induced cardiomyopathy |
| title_sort | cardiomyopathies and a brief insight into dox induced cardiomyopathy |
| topic | Cardiomyopathy Phenotypes Pathogenesis Cardiac damage Glutathione reductases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-025-00628-0 |
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