A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges

The exponential growth of video data across domains such as surveillance, transportation, and healthcare has raised critical challenges in scalability, real-time processing, and privacy preservation. While existing studies have addressed individual aspects of Video Big Data Analytics (VBDA), an inte...

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Main Authors: Thi-Thu-Trang Do, Quyet-Thang Huynh, Kyungbaek Kim, Van-Quyet Nguyen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/8089
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author Thi-Thu-Trang Do
Quyet-Thang Huynh
Kyungbaek Kim
Van-Quyet Nguyen
author_facet Thi-Thu-Trang Do
Quyet-Thang Huynh
Kyungbaek Kim
Van-Quyet Nguyen
author_sort Thi-Thu-Trang Do
collection DOAJ
description The exponential growth of video data across domains such as surveillance, transportation, and healthcare has raised critical challenges in scalability, real-time processing, and privacy preservation. While existing studies have addressed individual aspects of Video Big Data Analytics (VBDA), an integrated, up-to-date perspective remains limited. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of system architectures and enabling technologies in VBDA. It categorizes system architectures into four primary types as follows: centralized, cloud-based infrastructures, edge computing, and hybrid cloud–edge. It also analyzes key enabling technologies, including real-time streaming, scalable distributed processing, intelligent AI models, and advanced storage for managing large-scale multimodal video data. In addition, the study provides a functional taxonomy of core video processing tasks, including object detection, anomaly recognition, and semantic retrieval, and maps these tasks to real-world applications. Based on the survey findings, the paper proposes ViMindXAI, a hybrid AI-driven platform that combines edge and cloud orchestration, adaptive storage, and privacy-aware learning to support scalable and trustworthy video analytics. Our analysis in this survey highlights emerging trends such as the shift toward hybrid cloud–edge architectures, the growing importance of explainable AI and federated learning, and the urgent need for secure and efficient video data management. These findings highlight key directions for designing next-generation VBDA platforms that enhance real-time, data-driven decision-making in domains such as public safety, transportation, and healthcare. These platforms facilitate timely insights, rapid response, and regulatory alignment through scalable and explainable analytics. This work provides a robust conceptual foundation for future research on adaptive and efficient decision-support systems in video-intensive environments.
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spelling doaj-art-dbc4d8b900d14e048df708464fd8ef412025-08-20T03:13:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011514808910.3390/app15148089A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research ChallengesThi-Thu-Trang Do0Quyet-Thang Huynh1Kyungbaek Kim2Van-Quyet Nguyen3School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamSchool of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaFaculty of Information Technology, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen 160000, VietnamThe exponential growth of video data across domains such as surveillance, transportation, and healthcare has raised critical challenges in scalability, real-time processing, and privacy preservation. While existing studies have addressed individual aspects of Video Big Data Analytics (VBDA), an integrated, up-to-date perspective remains limited. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of system architectures and enabling technologies in VBDA. It categorizes system architectures into four primary types as follows: centralized, cloud-based infrastructures, edge computing, and hybrid cloud–edge. It also analyzes key enabling technologies, including real-time streaming, scalable distributed processing, intelligent AI models, and advanced storage for managing large-scale multimodal video data. In addition, the study provides a functional taxonomy of core video processing tasks, including object detection, anomaly recognition, and semantic retrieval, and maps these tasks to real-world applications. Based on the survey findings, the paper proposes ViMindXAI, a hybrid AI-driven platform that combines edge and cloud orchestration, adaptive storage, and privacy-aware learning to support scalable and trustworthy video analytics. Our analysis in this survey highlights emerging trends such as the shift toward hybrid cloud–edge architectures, the growing importance of explainable AI and federated learning, and the urgent need for secure and efficient video data management. These findings highlight key directions for designing next-generation VBDA platforms that enhance real-time, data-driven decision-making in domains such as public safety, transportation, and healthcare. These platforms facilitate timely insights, rapid response, and regulatory alignment through scalable and explainable analytics. This work provides a robust conceptual foundation for future research on adaptive and efficient decision-support systems in video-intensive environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/8089video big data analyticsedge AI and federated learningreal-time video processinghybrid cloud–edge computingprivacy-preserving AI
spellingShingle Thi-Thu-Trang Do
Quyet-Thang Huynh
Kyungbaek Kim
Van-Quyet Nguyen
A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
Applied Sciences
video big data analytics
edge AI and federated learning
real-time video processing
hybrid cloud–edge computing
privacy-preserving AI
title A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
title_full A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
title_fullStr A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
title_full_unstemmed A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
title_short A Survey on Video Big Data Analytics: Architecture, Technologies, and Open Research Challenges
title_sort survey on video big data analytics architecture technologies and open research challenges
topic video big data analytics
edge AI and federated learning
real-time video processing
hybrid cloud–edge computing
privacy-preserving AI
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/8089
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