The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Abstract Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure, which can be accompanied by functional impairment of or organic damage to the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. Hypertensive emergencies occur when significant increases in blood pressure re...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02054-3 |
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| author | Yong Xia Cui Lyu PengYu Chen Yuanpeng Jiang Chunrong Qu Xinyue Lyu Zhen Cheng Bo Gao |
| author_facet | Yong Xia Cui Lyu PengYu Chen Yuanpeng Jiang Chunrong Qu Xinyue Lyu Zhen Cheng Bo Gao |
| author_sort | Yong Xia |
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| description | Abstract Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure, which can be accompanied by functional impairment of or organic damage to the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. Hypertensive emergencies occur when significant increases in blood pressure result in persistent target organ damage. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare hypertensive emergency. Glymphatic system dysfunction is significantly correlated with the occurrence and development of hypertensive encephalopathy. We found that SHRs had a longer duration of peak contrast intensity and a slower clearance of contrast in the brain compared with WKY rats. Of note, in SHRs, there was a clear difference in contrast signal intensity between the hippocampus and the aqueduct. The results of cluster analysis showed that shr and WKY rats exhibited different patterns of voxel clustering. Progressively expanding brain clusters were observed from the posterior part of the brain near the cisterna magna (CM) to the anterior part of the brain, olfactory bulb, and dorsal cortical areas. In addition, shr showed a significant peak delay within some clusters and a slower rate of signal decay with time. Ex vivo imaging of ISF efflux showed that ISF efflux was also significantly reduced in shr. In vitro studies have shown decreased AQP4 expression in the brainstem and olfactory bulb of shr, accompanied by extensive astrogliosis, which may affect CSF circulation.Our study highlights the changes in glymphatic system function in a hypertension model and provides an important theoretical basis for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of hypertensive encephalopathy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbc4c9ec3f1e452dbfe73e87e42cbb51 |
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| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-dbc4c9ec3f1e452dbfe73e87e42cbb512025-08-20T02:00:14ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-02054-3The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive ratsYong Xia0Cui Lyu1PengYu Chen2Yuanpeng Jiang3Chunrong Qu4Xinyue Lyu5Zhen Cheng6Bo Gao7Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityAbstract Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure, which can be accompanied by functional impairment of or organic damage to the heart, brain, kidney and other organs. Hypertensive emergencies occur when significant increases in blood pressure result in persistent target organ damage. Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare hypertensive emergency. Glymphatic system dysfunction is significantly correlated with the occurrence and development of hypertensive encephalopathy. We found that SHRs had a longer duration of peak contrast intensity and a slower clearance of contrast in the brain compared with WKY rats. Of note, in SHRs, there was a clear difference in contrast signal intensity between the hippocampus and the aqueduct. The results of cluster analysis showed that shr and WKY rats exhibited different patterns of voxel clustering. Progressively expanding brain clusters were observed from the posterior part of the brain near the cisterna magna (CM) to the anterior part of the brain, olfactory bulb, and dorsal cortical areas. In addition, shr showed a significant peak delay within some clusters and a slower rate of signal decay with time. Ex vivo imaging of ISF efflux showed that ISF efflux was also significantly reduced in shr. In vitro studies have shown decreased AQP4 expression in the brainstem and olfactory bulb of shr, accompanied by extensive astrogliosis, which may affect CSF circulation.Our study highlights the changes in glymphatic system function in a hypertension model and provides an important theoretical basis for further elucidating the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of hypertensive encephalopathy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02054-3HypertensionGlymphatic systemAQP4 |
| spellingShingle | Yong Xia Cui Lyu PengYu Chen Yuanpeng Jiang Chunrong Qu Xinyue Lyu Zhen Cheng Bo Gao The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats Scientific Reports Hypertension Glymphatic system AQP4 |
| title | The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| title_full | The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| title_fullStr | The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| title_short | The glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| title_sort | glymphatic system was impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats |
| topic | Hypertension Glymphatic system AQP4 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02054-3 |
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