Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress
Abstract Salt influences cellular membranes by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, while osmolytes play a vital role in protecting plants from oxidative stress caused by salt. Biochar may alleviate the effects of salinity-induced stress on crops. The study investigated the impact of...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98701-w |
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| author | Ghulam Murtaza Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Usman Zeeshan Ahmed Javed Iqbal Shabir Ahmad Mona S. Alwahibi Humaira Rizwana Rashid Iqbal Gang Deng Maximilian Lackner |
| author_facet | Ghulam Murtaza Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Usman Zeeshan Ahmed Javed Iqbal Shabir Ahmad Mona S. Alwahibi Humaira Rizwana Rashid Iqbal Gang Deng Maximilian Lackner |
| author_sort | Ghulam Murtaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Salt influences cellular membranes by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, while osmolytes play a vital role in protecting plants from oxidative stress caused by salt. Biochar may alleviate the effects of salinity-induced stress on crops. The study investigated the impact of biochar supplementation on osmolyte modifications and antioxidant activity in soybean (Glycine max cv. AARI) under salt stress conditions. Soybean plants were exposed to 3 salinity levels (without salinity, 5, and 10 dSm− 1 NaCl), and different levels of biochar (without biochar, 12.5%, and 25% w/w). Root and shoot dry weight were reduced by 17% and 21%, respectively, under both salt-induced stress regimens. Salinity elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as O2•− (oxygen radicals), MDA (malondialdehyde), and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) levels by 3.1-fold, 1.8-fold, 3.1-fold, 2.8-fold, 4.4-fold, 1.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold in plants relative to control group. Furthermore, higher concentrations of soluble protein, soluble carbohydrates, glycine betaine, and proline were more pronounced at 10 dSm− 1 than at 5 dSm− 1. In contrast, incorporating biochar into soil enhanced both root and shoots dry weight by 47% and 53% respectively, compared to the absence of biochar application. Furthermore, the antioxidant levels in soybean seedlings cultivated in soil treated with biochar, particularly at a concentration of 25% biochar, decreased. Adding biochar led to a notable decrease in H2O2 (27%), O2 •−(19%), and MDA (22%) concentrations, along with a reduction in the accumulation of osmotic substances in both roots and leaves. The findings demonstrate that the incorporation of biochar can safeguard soybean seedlings from NaCl-induced stress by alleviating oxidative damage. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbbd0becfe44446daad417b6ccdef6b3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-dbbd0becfe44446daad417b6ccdef6b32025-08-24T11:17:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-98701-wPhysiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stressGhulam Murtaza0Muhammad Rizwan1Muhammad Usman2Zeeshan Ahmed3Javed Iqbal4Shabir Ahmad5Mona S. Alwahibi6Humaira Rizwana7Rashid Iqbal8Gang Deng9Maximilian Lackner10School of Agriculture, Yunnan UniversityKey Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & TechnologySchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Botany, Bacha Khan UniversityDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University IslamabadDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of BahawalpurSchool of Agriculture, Yunnan UniversityDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienAbstract Salt influences cellular membranes by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, while osmolytes play a vital role in protecting plants from oxidative stress caused by salt. Biochar may alleviate the effects of salinity-induced stress on crops. The study investigated the impact of biochar supplementation on osmolyte modifications and antioxidant activity in soybean (Glycine max cv. AARI) under salt stress conditions. Soybean plants were exposed to 3 salinity levels (without salinity, 5, and 10 dSm− 1 NaCl), and different levels of biochar (without biochar, 12.5%, and 25% w/w). Root and shoot dry weight were reduced by 17% and 21%, respectively, under both salt-induced stress regimens. Salinity elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) as well as O2•− (oxygen radicals), MDA (malondialdehyde), and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) levels by 3.1-fold, 1.8-fold, 3.1-fold, 2.8-fold, 4.4-fold, 1.4-fold, 2.2-fold, and 2.3-fold in plants relative to control group. Furthermore, higher concentrations of soluble protein, soluble carbohydrates, glycine betaine, and proline were more pronounced at 10 dSm− 1 than at 5 dSm− 1. In contrast, incorporating biochar into soil enhanced both root and shoots dry weight by 47% and 53% respectively, compared to the absence of biochar application. Furthermore, the antioxidant levels in soybean seedlings cultivated in soil treated with biochar, particularly at a concentration of 25% biochar, decreased. Adding biochar led to a notable decrease in H2O2 (27%), O2 •−(19%), and MDA (22%) concentrations, along with a reduction in the accumulation of osmotic substances in both roots and leaves. The findings demonstrate that the incorporation of biochar can safeguard soybean seedlings from NaCl-induced stress by alleviating oxidative damage.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98701-wSalinity stressBiocharSoybeanMalondialdehydePolyphenol oxidase |
| spellingShingle | Ghulam Murtaza Muhammad Rizwan Muhammad Usman Zeeshan Ahmed Javed Iqbal Shabir Ahmad Mona S. Alwahibi Humaira Rizwana Rashid Iqbal Gang Deng Maximilian Lackner Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress Scientific Reports Salinity stress Biochar Soybean Malondialdehyde Polyphenol oxidase |
| title | Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| title_full | Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| title_short | Physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| title_sort | physiological and biochemical alterations in soybean by banana peel biochar under different degrees of salt stress |
| topic | Salinity stress Biochar Soybean Malondialdehyde Polyphenol oxidase |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98701-w |
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