High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022

Abstract Background Hainan is experiencing a continuous increase in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of local transmission dynamics. This study aims to elucidate the genetic diversity and potential HIV-1 molecular transmission networks among p...

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Main Authors: Dee Yu, Mu Li, Liangjia Wei, Kaokao Zhu, Rongjing Zhang, Tong Luo, Yi Ning, Hao Liang, Jing Zhang, Li Ye, Bingyu Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11184-y
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author Dee Yu
Mu Li
Liangjia Wei
Kaokao Zhu
Rongjing Zhang
Tong Luo
Yi Ning
Hao Liang
Jing Zhang
Li Ye
Bingyu Liang
author_facet Dee Yu
Mu Li
Liangjia Wei
Kaokao Zhu
Rongjing Zhang
Tong Luo
Yi Ning
Hao Liang
Jing Zhang
Li Ye
Bingyu Liang
author_sort Dee Yu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Hainan is experiencing a continuous increase in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of local transmission dynamics. This study aims to elucidate the genetic diversity and potential HIV-1 molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Hainan, China. Methods We used the HIV-TRACE to infer the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 at a 1.5% gene distance threshold. The role of HIV-1 diversity in transmission networks was assessed through node influence measurement and centrality analysis. Results A total of 986 pol sequences were included, with CRF07_BC (43.71%) and CRF01_AE (37.12%) emerging as the predominant subtypes. Of these, 586 (59.43%) were clustered into the transmission networks, forming 83 clusters with 155 nodes having high transmission network scores (HTNS). CRF07_BC (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.585, 95%CI: 1.189– 2.113) and CRF65_cpx (aOR: 9.513, 95%CI: 3.694– 24.499) were more likely to cluster in networks and exhibit nodal centrality than CRF01_AE. The CRF65_cpx (88.46%) were more likely to be HTNS (aOR: 57.302, 95%CI:16.869– 194.643) than CRF07_BC. Conclusion This study highlights the high genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its central role in transmission networks, advocating for targeted prevention strategies and community engagement for high-risk transmission populations, particularly focusing on subtypes CRF07_BC and CRF65_cpx.
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spelling doaj-art-dbaf9c51c95042c69701f2c5e95bc1602025-08-20T03:45:22ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-07-0125111110.1186/s12879-025-11184-yHigh genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022Dee Yu0Mu Li1Liangjia Wei2Kaokao Zhu3Rongjing Zhang4Tong Luo5Yi Ning6Hao Liang7Jing Zhang8Li Ye9Bingyu Liang10School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityThe Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversitySchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversitySchool of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityAbstract Background Hainan is experiencing a continuous increase in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of local transmission dynamics. This study aims to elucidate the genetic diversity and potential HIV-1 molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Hainan, China. Methods We used the HIV-TRACE to infer the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 at a 1.5% gene distance threshold. The role of HIV-1 diversity in transmission networks was assessed through node influence measurement and centrality analysis. Results A total of 986 pol sequences were included, with CRF07_BC (43.71%) and CRF01_AE (37.12%) emerging as the predominant subtypes. Of these, 586 (59.43%) were clustered into the transmission networks, forming 83 clusters with 155 nodes having high transmission network scores (HTNS). CRF07_BC (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 1.585, 95%CI: 1.189– 2.113) and CRF65_cpx (aOR: 9.513, 95%CI: 3.694– 24.499) were more likely to cluster in networks and exhibit nodal centrality than CRF01_AE. The CRF65_cpx (88.46%) were more likely to be HTNS (aOR: 57.302, 95%CI:16.869– 194.643) than CRF07_BC. Conclusion This study highlights the high genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its central role in transmission networks, advocating for targeted prevention strategies and community engagement for high-risk transmission populations, particularly focusing on subtypes CRF07_BC and CRF65_cpx.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11184-yHIV-1SubtypeMolecular epidemiologyTransmission networkCentrality analysis
spellingShingle Dee Yu
Mu Li
Liangjia Wei
Kaokao Zhu
Rongjing Zhang
Tong Luo
Yi Ning
Hao Liang
Jing Zhang
Li Ye
Bingyu Liang
High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
BMC Infectious Diseases
HIV-1
Subtype
Molecular epidemiology
Transmission network
Centrality analysis
title High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
title_full High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
title_fullStr High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
title_full_unstemmed High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
title_short High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005–2022
title_sort high genetic diversity of hiv 1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with hiv 1 in haikou south china 2005 2022
topic HIV-1
Subtype
Molecular epidemiology
Transmission network
Centrality analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11184-y
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