Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations

Salt stress is a major environmental challenge that profoundly impacts plant growth and development. The ability of plants to cope with high salinity involves with a complex network of biological mechanisms including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis, and hormones or light signaling-mediat...

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Main Authors: Abdul Waheed, Lu Zhuo, Minghui Wang, Xu Hailiang, Zewen Tong, Cuhan Wang, Aishajiang Aili
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Plant Stress
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003051
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author Abdul Waheed
Lu Zhuo
Minghui Wang
Xu Hailiang
Zewen Tong
Cuhan Wang
Aishajiang Aili
author_facet Abdul Waheed
Lu Zhuo
Minghui Wang
Xu Hailiang
Zewen Tong
Cuhan Wang
Aishajiang Aili
author_sort Abdul Waheed
collection DOAJ
description Salt stress is a major environmental challenge that profoundly impacts plant growth and development. The ability of plants to cope with high salinity involves with a complex network of biological mechanisms including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis, and hormones or light signaling-mediated growth adjustments. These adaptive responses are governed by various functional components that interact to modulate plant stress tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of these mechanisms, focusing on the intricate regulatory networks that underpin plant salt tolerance. We explore the processes involved in the perception of salt stress, where plants detect changes in osmotic and ionic conditions, and the subsequent signaling pathways that activate stress responses. Key phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in these processes by regulating gene expression and coordinating adaptive growth responses. Additionally, this review explores physiological mechanisms like ion homeostasis, compatible solute synthesis, and antioxidant defense, alongside the role of root microbiota in enhancing nutrient uptake and stress mitigation under salinity. Emerging nanobiotechnologies, including nano-fertilizers and stress-sensing technologies, are highlighted for their role in improving plant resilience. By integrating molecular biology, plant physiology, and advanced technologies, the review emphasizes the multidisciplinary strategies needed to develop salt-tolerant cultivars and optimize agricultural practices in saline environments.
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-db93ac2c6b4e4b948dd35ede8eb72e872025-08-20T01:58:34ZengElsevierPlant Stress2667-064X2024-12-011410065210.1016/j.stress.2024.100652Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovationsAbdul Waheed0Lu Zhuo1Minghui Wang2Xu Hailiang3Zewen Tong4Cuhan Wang5Aishajiang Aili6State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaCorresponding authors.; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaCorresponding authors.; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; State Investment Hami Energy Development Co., Ltd., Hami 839000, China; Xukuang Group Hami Energy Company, Hami 839000, China; Xinjiang Comprehensive Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Urumqi 830002, ChinaSalt stress is a major environmental challenge that profoundly impacts plant growth and development. The ability of plants to cope with high salinity involves with a complex network of biological mechanisms including osmoregulation, redox and ionic homeostasis, and hormones or light signaling-mediated growth adjustments. These adaptive responses are governed by various functional components that interact to modulate plant stress tolerance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of these mechanisms, focusing on the intricate regulatory networks that underpin plant salt tolerance. We explore the processes involved in the perception of salt stress, where plants detect changes in osmotic and ionic conditions, and the subsequent signaling pathways that activate stress responses. Key phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in these processes by regulating gene expression and coordinating adaptive growth responses. Additionally, this review explores physiological mechanisms like ion homeostasis, compatible solute synthesis, and antioxidant defense, alongside the role of root microbiota in enhancing nutrient uptake and stress mitigation under salinity. Emerging nanobiotechnologies, including nano-fertilizers and stress-sensing technologies, are highlighted for their role in improving plant resilience. By integrating molecular biology, plant physiology, and advanced technologies, the review emphasizes the multidisciplinary strategies needed to develop salt-tolerant cultivars and optimize agricultural practices in saline environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003051Salt stressPlants adaptationOsmoregulationPhytohormones mediationIon homeostasisNano-biotechnology
spellingShingle Abdul Waheed
Lu Zhuo
Minghui Wang
Xu Hailiang
Zewen Tong
Cuhan Wang
Aishajiang Aili
Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
Plant Stress
Salt stress
Plants adaptation
Osmoregulation
Phytohormones mediation
Ion homeostasis
Nano-biotechnology
title Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
title_full Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
title_fullStr Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
title_full_unstemmed Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
title_short Integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance: Biological pathways, phytohormonal regulation, and technological innovations
title_sort integrative mechanisms of plant salt tolerance biological pathways phytohormonal regulation and technological innovations
topic Salt stress
Plants adaptation
Osmoregulation
Phytohormones mediation
Ion homeostasis
Nano-biotechnology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667064X24003051
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