Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides
Zinc-based oxides are the main products obtained after the Waelz process, a metallurgical method used industrially for the treatment of electric arc furnaces. These oxides have certain impurities in their composition, which can be a disadvantage. Carbochlorination reduction reactions have proven to...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Lorena Alcaraz Belén Sotillo Paloma Fernández Félix A. López |
| author_facet | Lorena Alcaraz Belén Sotillo Paloma Fernández Félix A. López |
| author_sort | Lorena Alcaraz |
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| description | Zinc-based oxides are the main products obtained after the Waelz process, a metallurgical method used industrially for the treatment of electric arc furnaces. These oxides have certain impurities in their composition, which can be a disadvantage. Carbochlorination reduction reactions have proven to be useful in eliminating certain impurities (especially Pb) through thermal treatments. In this work, a method for purifying Waelz oxide through carbochlorination reduction reactions is presented. Several experiments have been conducted with the aim of obtaining samples with potential end applications. A deep characterization of the purified oxides has been performed by means of X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence. These measurements indicate the presence of ZnO and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in different proportions, depending on the different amounts of reducing and chlorinating agents used. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db7a29644bbe44f39d8028a2d2b6c052 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj-art-db7a29644bbe44f39d8028a2d2b6c0522025-08-20T03:13:54ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-03-0115432610.3390/cryst15040326Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based OxidesLorena Alcaraz0Belén Sotillo1Paloma Fernández2Félix A. López3Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Materials Physics, Faculty of Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, SpainZinc-based oxides are the main products obtained after the Waelz process, a metallurgical method used industrially for the treatment of electric arc furnaces. These oxides have certain impurities in their composition, which can be a disadvantage. Carbochlorination reduction reactions have proven to be useful in eliminating certain impurities (especially Pb) through thermal treatments. In this work, a method for purifying Waelz oxide through carbochlorination reduction reactions is presented. Several experiments have been conducted with the aim of obtaining samples with potential end applications. A deep characterization of the purified oxides has been performed by means of X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and cathodoluminescence. These measurements indicate the presence of ZnO and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in different proportions, depending on the different amounts of reducing and chlorinating agents used.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/4/326ZnOZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>carbochlorination reductionpurificationcathodoluminescence |
| spellingShingle | Lorena Alcaraz Belén Sotillo Paloma Fernández Félix A. López Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides Crystals ZnO ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> carbochlorination reduction purification cathodoluminescence |
| title | Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides |
| title_full | Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides |
| title_fullStr | Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides |
| title_short | Carbochlorination Reduction Process of Waelz ZnO: Characterization of Resulting ZnO-Based Oxides |
| title_sort | carbochlorination reduction process of waelz zno characterization of resulting zno based oxides |
| topic | ZnO ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> carbochlorination reduction purification cathodoluminescence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/4/326 |
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