Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars

Seed morphological description requires quantitative methods for further comparison. Here, traditional measurements, curvature analysis, and the <i>J</i>-index (percentage of similarity to a geometric model) were applied to the average contours (Acs) of 271 <i>Vitis</i> culti...

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Main Authors: José Javier Martín-Gómez, José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Francisco Emanuel Espinosa-Roldán, Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría, Gregorio Muñoz-Organero, Ángel Tocino, Emilio Cervantes
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1522
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author José Javier Martín-Gómez
José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo
Francisco Emanuel Espinosa-Roldán
Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
Ángel Tocino
Emilio Cervantes
author_facet José Javier Martín-Gómez
José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo
Francisco Emanuel Espinosa-Roldán
Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
Ángel Tocino
Emilio Cervantes
author_sort José Javier Martín-Gómez
collection DOAJ
description Seed morphological description requires quantitative methods for further comparison. Here, traditional measurements, curvature analysis, and the <i>J</i>-index (percentage of similarity to a geometric model) were applied to the average contours (Acs) of 271 <i>Vitis</i> cultivars from the Spanish collection at IMIDRA (Madrid, Spain), including 9 different <i>Vitis</i> species and several sylvestris seeds (i.e., those derived from plants that once grew in the wild). Acs are graphical representations of the shape in seed populations, which can be obtained either from image analysis programs or computationally opening the way to quantitative analysis. A geometric model is a geometrically defined, closed curve, used as a reference for shape quantification. Based on existing differences between the Hebén cultivar (collected in 2020 and 2024; Hebén model, for morphotype 1) and the European varieties Chenin and Gewurztraminer (Chenin model, for morphotype 2), we created two models. The comparisons were based on a <i>J</i>-index, resulting in four groups: Group 1 contained all seeds with values lower than 90 for both models and included all <i>Vitis</i> species other than <i>V. vinifera</i> and most sylvestris seeds; Groups 2 and 3 contained seeds with <i>J</i>-index values higher than 94 for the Hebén and Chenin models, respectively. Group 4 consisted of seeds not included in the other groups. Based on <i>J</i>-index values, differences in curvature and solidity, and PCA analysis with Fourier coefficients, this work defines two new morphotypes associated with the Hebén (Group 2) and Chenin (Group 3) models, related to Iberian and Western European varieties, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-db6fdd880b5e4c4d90550f36d637c16e2025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011410152210.3390/plants14101522Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine CultivarsJosé Javier Martín-Gómez0José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo1Francisco Emanuel Espinosa-Roldán2Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría3Gregorio Muñoz-Organero4Ángel Tocino5Emilio Cervantes6Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA)—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cordel de Merinas, 40, 37008 Salamanca, SpainPlant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech RepublicInstituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainInstituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainInstituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartament of Matemathics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced 1–4, 37008 Salamanca, SpainInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA)—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cordel de Merinas, 40, 37008 Salamanca, SpainSeed morphological description requires quantitative methods for further comparison. Here, traditional measurements, curvature analysis, and the <i>J</i>-index (percentage of similarity to a geometric model) were applied to the average contours (Acs) of 271 <i>Vitis</i> cultivars from the Spanish collection at IMIDRA (Madrid, Spain), including 9 different <i>Vitis</i> species and several sylvestris seeds (i.e., those derived from plants that once grew in the wild). Acs are graphical representations of the shape in seed populations, which can be obtained either from image analysis programs or computationally opening the way to quantitative analysis. A geometric model is a geometrically defined, closed curve, used as a reference for shape quantification. Based on existing differences between the Hebén cultivar (collected in 2020 and 2024; Hebén model, for morphotype 1) and the European varieties Chenin and Gewurztraminer (Chenin model, for morphotype 2), we created two models. The comparisons were based on a <i>J</i>-index, resulting in four groups: Group 1 contained all seeds with values lower than 90 for both models and included all <i>Vitis</i> species other than <i>V. vinifera</i> and most sylvestris seeds; Groups 2 and 3 contained seeds with <i>J</i>-index values higher than 94 for the Hebén and Chenin models, respectively. Group 4 consisted of seeds not included in the other groups. Based on <i>J</i>-index values, differences in curvature and solidity, and PCA analysis with Fourier coefficients, this work defines two new morphotypes associated with the Hebén (Group 2) and Chenin (Group 3) models, related to Iberian and Western European varieties, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1522grape diversitymorphometric geometryshape analysissolidity<i>Vitis</i> cultivars
spellingShingle José Javier Martín-Gómez
José Luis Rodríguez-Lorenzo
Francisco Emanuel Espinosa-Roldán
Félix Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría
Gregorio Muñoz-Organero
Ángel Tocino
Emilio Cervantes
Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
Plants
grape diversity
morphometric geometry
shape analysis
solidity
<i>Vitis</i> cultivars
title Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
title_full Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
title_fullStr Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
title_full_unstemmed Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
title_short Seed Morphometry Reveals Two Major Groups in Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
title_sort seed morphometry reveals two major groups in spanish grapevine cultivars
topic grape diversity
morphometric geometry
shape analysis
solidity
<i>Vitis</i> cultivars
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1522
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