Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling

The family <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> comprises plant- and fungus-infecting viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes ranging from 5.4 to 9 kb. Their virions are flexuous and filamentous, measuring 470–800 nm in length and 12–13 nm in diameter. The family includes 72 recogni...

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Main Authors: Jesús R. Úbeda, Miguel A. Aranda, Livia Donaire
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/611
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author Jesús R. Úbeda
Miguel A. Aranda
Livia Donaire
author_facet Jesús R. Úbeda
Miguel A. Aranda
Livia Donaire
author_sort Jesús R. Úbeda
collection DOAJ
description The family <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> comprises plant- and fungus-infecting viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes ranging from 5.4 to 9 kb. Their virions are flexuous and filamentous, measuring 470–800 nm in length and 12–13 nm in diameter. The family includes 72 recognized species, classified into six genera: <i>Allexivirus</i>, <i>Lolavirus</i>, <i>Platypuvirus</i>, <i>Potexvirus</i> (plant-infecting), and <i>Botrexvirus</i> and <i>Sclerodarnavirus</i> (fungus-infecting). The genus <i>Potexvirus</i> is the largest, with 52 species, including <i>Potexvirus ecspotati</i> (potato virus X), an important crop pathogen and plant virology model. The genera are distinguished by genome organization and host range, while species differentiation relies on nucleotide and protein sequence identity thresholds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the genomic structure, conserved genes, and phylogenetic relationships within <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i>, with a particular focus on the replicase and coat protein genes as signature markers. Additionally, we update the model of cellular remodeling driven by the triple gene block proteins, which are essential for virus movement, among other viral functions. Beyond their biological significance, alphaflexiviruses serve as valuable models for studying virus–host dynamics and hold potential applications in plant disease control and biotechnology. This review provides an updated framework for understanding <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> and their broader impact on plant virology.
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spelling doaj-art-db621f65b51743b29a123d5ddd33bade2025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-04-0117561110.3390/v17050611Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular RemodelingJesús R. Úbeda0Miguel A. Aranda1Livia Donaire2Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)-CSIC, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, SpainThe family <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> comprises plant- and fungus-infecting viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes ranging from 5.4 to 9 kb. Their virions are flexuous and filamentous, measuring 470–800 nm in length and 12–13 nm in diameter. The family includes 72 recognized species, classified into six genera: <i>Allexivirus</i>, <i>Lolavirus</i>, <i>Platypuvirus</i>, <i>Potexvirus</i> (plant-infecting), and <i>Botrexvirus</i> and <i>Sclerodarnavirus</i> (fungus-infecting). The genus <i>Potexvirus</i> is the largest, with 52 species, including <i>Potexvirus ecspotati</i> (potato virus X), an important crop pathogen and plant virology model. The genera are distinguished by genome organization and host range, while species differentiation relies on nucleotide and protein sequence identity thresholds. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the genomic structure, conserved genes, and phylogenetic relationships within <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i>, with a particular focus on the replicase and coat protein genes as signature markers. Additionally, we update the model of cellular remodeling driven by the triple gene block proteins, which are essential for virus movement, among other viral functions. Beyond their biological significance, alphaflexiviruses serve as valuable models for studying virus–host dynamics and hold potential applications in plant disease control and biotechnology. This review provides an updated framework for understanding <i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> and their broader impact on plant virology.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/611<i>Allexivirus</i><i>Lolavirus</i><i>Platypuvirus</i><i>Potexvirus</i><i>Botrexvirus</i><i>Sclerodarnavirus</i>
spellingShingle Jesús R. Úbeda
Miguel A. Aranda
Livia Donaire
Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
Viruses
<i>Allexivirus</i>
<i>Lolavirus</i>
<i>Platypuvirus</i>
<i>Potexvirus</i>
<i>Botrexvirus</i>
<i>Sclerodarnavirus</i>
title Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
title_full Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
title_fullStr Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
title_full_unstemmed Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
title_short Alphaflexiviridae in Focus: Genomic Signatures, Conserved Elements and Viral-Driven Cellular Remodeling
title_sort alphaflexiviridae in focus genomic signatures conserved elements and viral driven cellular remodeling
topic <i>Allexivirus</i>
<i>Lolavirus</i>
<i>Platypuvirus</i>
<i>Potexvirus</i>
<i>Botrexvirus</i>
<i>Sclerodarnavirus</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/611
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AT miguelaaranda alphaflexiviridaeinfocusgenomicsignaturesconservedelementsandviraldrivencellularremodeling
AT liviadonaire alphaflexiviridaeinfocusgenomicsignaturesconservedelementsandviraldrivencellularremodeling