From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol

Natural compounds have garnered increasing interest as potential antitumor agents due to their multifaceted biological activities and relatively low toxicity profiles. This review focuses on three well-studied natural molecules: rhein, curcumin, and resveratrol, analyzing and comparing their antitum...

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Main Authors: Ana-Maria Trofin, Dragoș Viorel Scripcariu, Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc, Anca-Narcisa Neagu, Leontina-Elena Filipiuc, Bogdan-Ionel Tamba, Madalina Maria Palaghia, Cristina Mariana Uritu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/981
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author Ana-Maria Trofin
Dragoș Viorel Scripcariu
Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
Anca-Narcisa Neagu
Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
Madalina Maria Palaghia
Cristina Mariana Uritu
author_facet Ana-Maria Trofin
Dragoș Viorel Scripcariu
Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
Anca-Narcisa Neagu
Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
Madalina Maria Palaghia
Cristina Mariana Uritu
author_sort Ana-Maria Trofin
collection DOAJ
description Natural compounds have garnered increasing interest as potential antitumor agents due to their multifaceted biological activities and relatively low toxicity profiles. This review focuses on three well-studied natural molecules: rhein, curcumin, and resveratrol, analyzing and comparing their antitumor potential across a variety of cancer models. For each compound, we present an integrated perspective encompassing natural sources, physicochemical properties, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the latest in vitro and in vivo evidence of anticancer activity. Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects, including the modulation of cell cycle regulators, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, and regulation of key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, STAT3, and MAPKs. Although numerous studies highlighted their therapeutic promise, significant barriers remain—particularly related to poor solubility and limited bioavailability—which have hindered clinical translation, especially in the case of rhein. Advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer promising solutions to these limitations, enabling improved targeting and enhanced efficacy. This review underscores the need for continued preclinical and clinical investigations to fully elucidate the therapeutic value of these compounds and support their integration into modern oncological treatment strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-db53008800a849cd9388a567747b56d82025-08-20T03:27:34ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-05-0161698110.3390/medicina61060981From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and ResveratrolAna-Maria Trofin0Dragoș Viorel Scripcariu1Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc2Anca-Narcisa Neagu3Leontina-Elena Filipiuc4Bogdan-Ionel Tamba5Madalina Maria Palaghia6Cristina Mariana Uritu7Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaAdvanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine “Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu”, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaLaboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I bvd, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaAdvanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine “Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu”, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaAdvanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine “Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu”, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaAdvanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine “Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu”, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaNatural compounds have garnered increasing interest as potential antitumor agents due to their multifaceted biological activities and relatively low toxicity profiles. This review focuses on three well-studied natural molecules: rhein, curcumin, and resveratrol, analyzing and comparing their antitumor potential across a variety of cancer models. For each compound, we present an integrated perspective encompassing natural sources, physicochemical properties, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the latest in vitro and in vivo evidence of anticancer activity. Special attention is given to the molecular mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects, including the modulation of cell cycle regulators, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis, and regulation of key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, STAT3, and MAPKs. Although numerous studies highlighted their therapeutic promise, significant barriers remain—particularly related to poor solubility and limited bioavailability—which have hindered clinical translation, especially in the case of rhein. Advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer promising solutions to these limitations, enabling improved targeting and enhanced efficacy. This review underscores the need for continued preclinical and clinical investigations to fully elucidate the therapeutic value of these compounds and support their integration into modern oncological treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/981curcuminresveratrolrheinbioactive natural substances in cancer therapynanodelivery systems
spellingShingle Ana-Maria Trofin
Dragoș Viorel Scripcariu
Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
Anca-Narcisa Neagu
Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
Madalina Maria Palaghia
Cristina Mariana Uritu
From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
Medicina
curcumin
resveratrol
rhein
bioactive natural substances in cancer therapy
nanodelivery systems
title From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
title_full From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
title_fullStr From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
title_full_unstemmed From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
title_short From Nature to Nanomedicine: Enhancing the Antitumor Efficacy of Rhein, Curcumin, and Resveratrol
title_sort from nature to nanomedicine enhancing the antitumor efficacy of rhein curcumin and resveratrol
topic curcumin
resveratrol
rhein
bioactive natural substances in cancer therapy
nanodelivery systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/981
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