Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties
Buccal drug delivery systems often struggle with poor drug solubility, limited adhesion, and rapid clearance, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, we developed a novel hybrid eutectogel composed of xanthan gum (XTG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and a Natural Deep Eutec...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Valentina Anuța Mihaela-Alexandra Nica Răzvan-Mihai Prisada Lăcrămioara Popa Bruno Ștefan Velescu Ioana Cristina Marinas Diana-Madalina Gaboreanu Mihaela Violeta Ghica Florentina Iuliana Cocoș Cristian Andi Nicolae Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu |
| author_facet | Valentina Anuța Mihaela-Alexandra Nica Răzvan-Mihai Prisada Lăcrămioara Popa Bruno Ștefan Velescu Ioana Cristina Marinas Diana-Madalina Gaboreanu Mihaela Violeta Ghica Florentina Iuliana Cocoș Cristian Andi Nicolae Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu |
| author_sort | Valentina Anuța |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Buccal drug delivery systems often struggle with poor drug solubility, limited adhesion, and rapid clearance, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, we developed a novel hybrid eutectogel composed of xanthan gum (XTG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) system (choline chloride, sorbitol, and glycerol in 2:1:1 mole ratio), incorporating 2.5% ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug. The formulation was optimized using a face-centered central composite design to enhance the rheological, textural, and drug release properties. The optimized eutectogels exhibited shear-thinning behavior (flow behavior index, <i>n</i> = 0.26 ± 0.01), high mucoadhesion (adhesiveness: 2.297 ± 0.142 N·s), and sustained drug release over 24 h, governed by Higuchi kinetics (release rate: 237.34 ± 13.61 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>/min<sup>1/2</sup>). The ex vivo residence time increased substantially with NADES incorporation, reaching up to 176.7 ± 23.1 min. An in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation showed that the eutectogel reduced λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema within 1 h and that its efficacy was sustained in the kaolin model up to 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05), achieving comparable efficacy to a commercial 5% IBU gel, despite a lower drug concentration. Additionally, the eutectogel presented a minimum inhibitory concentration for Gram-positive bacteria of 25 mg/mL, and through direct contact, it reduced microbial viability by up to 100%. Its efficacy against <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, combined with its significant anti-inflammatory properties, positions the NADES-based eutectogel as a promising multifunctional platform for buccal drug delivery, particularly for inflammatory conditions complicated by bacterial infections. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db4b4cfa2a5b4862b4895cf915bc9cd4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-db4b4cfa2a5b4862b4895cf915bc9cd42025-08-20T02:11:19ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-03-0111320810.3390/gels11030208Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial PropertiesValentina Anuța0Mihaela-Alexandra Nica1Răzvan-Mihai Prisada2Lăcrămioara Popa3Bruno Ștefan Velescu4Ioana Cristina Marinas5Diana-Madalina Gaboreanu6Mihaela Violeta Ghica7Florentina Iuliana Cocoș8Cristian Andi Nicolae9Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu10Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaInnovative Therapeutic Structures Research and Development Centre (InnoTher), “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, RomaniaResearch Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaNational Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, RomaniaBuccal drug delivery systems often struggle with poor drug solubility, limited adhesion, and rapid clearance, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, we developed a novel hybrid eutectogel composed of xanthan gum (XTG), hyaluronic acid (HA), and a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) system (choline chloride, sorbitol, and glycerol in 2:1:1 mole ratio), incorporating 2.5% ibuprofen (IBU) as a model drug. The formulation was optimized using a face-centered central composite design to enhance the rheological, textural, and drug release properties. The optimized eutectogels exhibited shear-thinning behavior (flow behavior index, <i>n</i> = 0.26 ± 0.01), high mucoadhesion (adhesiveness: 2.297 ± 0.142 N·s), and sustained drug release over 24 h, governed by Higuchi kinetics (release rate: 237.34 ± 13.61 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>/min<sup>1/2</sup>). The ex vivo residence time increased substantially with NADES incorporation, reaching up to 176.7 ± 23.1 min. An in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation showed that the eutectogel reduced λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema within 1 h and that its efficacy was sustained in the kaolin model up to 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05), achieving comparable efficacy to a commercial 5% IBU gel, despite a lower drug concentration. Additionally, the eutectogel presented a minimum inhibitory concentration for Gram-positive bacteria of 25 mg/mL, and through direct contact, it reduced microbial viability by up to 100%. Its efficacy against <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, combined with its significant anti-inflammatory properties, positions the NADES-based eutectogel as a promising multifunctional platform for buccal drug delivery, particularly for inflammatory conditions complicated by bacterial infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/208eutectogelsNatural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES)buccal drug deliverymucosal drug deliveryxanthan gumhyaluronic acid |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Anuța Mihaela-Alexandra Nica Răzvan-Mihai Prisada Lăcrămioara Popa Bruno Ștefan Velescu Ioana Cristina Marinas Diana-Madalina Gaboreanu Mihaela Violeta Ghica Florentina Iuliana Cocoș Cristian Andi Nicolae Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties Gels eutectogels Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) buccal drug delivery mucosal drug delivery xanthan gum hyaluronic acid |
| title | Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties |
| title_full | Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties |
| title_fullStr | Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties |
| title_short | Novel Buccal Xanthan Gum–Hyaluronic Acid Eutectogels with Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties |
| title_sort | novel buccal xanthan gum hyaluronic acid eutectogels with dual anti inflammatory and antimicrobial properties |
| topic | eutectogels Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) buccal drug delivery mucosal drug delivery xanthan gum hyaluronic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/208 |
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